圆线虫Wolbachia基因组化石揭示的古共生关系
Palaeosymbiosis revealed by genomic fossils of Wolbachia in a strongyloidean nematode
摘要：
沃尔巴克氏体是陆生节肢动物常见的内共生体，也存在于线虫中：动物寄生的丝虫和植物寄生的相似穿孔线虫。沃尔巴克氏体DNA横向转移到宿主基因组是常见的。我们为圆线虫寄生虫胎生网尾线虫（Dictyocaulus viviparus）（牛肺虫）绘制了基因组序列草图。在组装中，我们鉴定了近1 Mb与沃尔巴克氏体相似的序列。这些片段不太可能来自活的沃尔巴克氏体感染：大多数都很短，并且基因通过失活突变而丧失功能。许多片段与确定的线虫来源的序列共组装。我们发现了有限的证据表达的沃尔巴克氏体衍生的基因。地方胎生沃尔巴克氏体基因与丝虫株最相似，来自宿主混杂进化枝F.我们的结论是D.在过去，胎生鱼被沃尔巴克氏体感染。基于基因组序列的调查是揭示感染和共生的基因组考古学的有力工具。
英文摘要：
Wolbachia are common endosymbionts of terrestrial arthropods, and are also found in nematodes: the animal-parasitic filaria, and the plant-parasite Radopholus similis. Lateral transfer of Wolbachia DNA to the host genome is common. We generated a draft genome sequence for the strongyloidean nematode parasite Dictyocaulus viviparus, the cattle lungworm. In the assembly, we identified nearly 1 Mb of sequence with similarity to Wolbachia. The fragments were unlikely to derive from a live Wolbachia infection: most were short, and the genes were disabled through inactivating mutations. Many fragments were co-assembled with definitively nematode-derived sequence. We found limited evidence of expression of the Wolbachia-derived genes. The D. viviparus Wolbachia genes were most similar to filarial strains, and strains from the host-promiscuous clade F. We conclude that D. viviparus was infected by Wolbachia in the past. Genome sequence based surveys are a powerful tool for revealing the genome archaeology of infection and symbiosis.
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