作为非平衡态stationary states的Landau超流体
Landau superfluids as non equilibrium stationary states
摘要：
我们将超流体状态定义为非平衡稳态（NESS），其在零温度下满足一定的\emph{metastability conditions}，其物理上表示流体的粒子与周围环境之间应该存在足够小的能量-动量转移（例如，管）。结果表明，Girardeau模型和Huang-Yang-Luttinger（HYL）模型描述了这种超流体，而且，在HYL模型中，亚稳态条件与Nozières猜想直接相关，即由于排斥作用，凝聚体不会碎裂成两个（或多个）部分，从而保证了它的量子相干性.这些模型是NESS的严格例子，其中系统不是有限的，而是一个多体系统。\end{abstract}
英文摘要：
We define a superfluid state to be a nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS), which, at zero temperature, satisfies certain \emph{metastability conditions}, which physically express that there should be a sufficiently small energy-momentum transfer between the particles of the fluid and the surroundings (e.g., pipe). It is shown that two models, the Girardeau model and the Huang-Yang-Luttinger (HYL) model describe superfluids in this sense and, moreover, that, in the case of the HYL model, the metastability condition is directly related to Nozières' conjecture that, due to the repulsive interaction, the condensate does not suffer fragmentation into two (or more) parts, thereby assuring its quantum coherence. The models are rigorous examples of NESS in which the system is not finite, but rather a many-body system. \end{abstract}
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