远红外探测的基本极限
Fundamental Limits of Detection in the Far Infrared
摘要：
我们研究了远红外天体物理观测的基本探测极限。了解这些基本的限制是至关重要的计划和分析在这一地区的实验。我们具体描述了在0.1-10 THz（30-3000 μm）范围内进行观测的困难，包括地外、大气和光发射。我们目前的信号，噪声和集成时间模型，为选定的陆地，飞机，气球和太空任务。虽然地面望远镜在孔径大小和角分辨率方面有很大优势，但它们的缺点是大气的透射率相对较低，辐射率较高，特别是波长小于500微米的情况。太空望远镜正好相反;它们受到小孔径的限制，而机载望远镜则受到两者的限制。卫星上的望远镜提供了一个选择，超过了大部分的波段。对这一点的定量理解对于比较各种实验的敏感性和规划下一代飞行任务至关重要。作为代表性的来源，我们使用明亮的远红外尘埃星系NGC 958和Mrk 231，但同样的形式主义可以适用于任何来源。在本文中，我们专注于连续发射，但未来的文件将专注于线发射。
英文摘要：
We study the fundamental limits of detection for astrophysical observations in the far infrared. Understanding these fundamental limits is critical to the planning and analysis of experiments in this region. We specifically characterize the difficulties associated with observing in the 0.1-10 THz (30-3000 μm) regime including extraterrestrial, atmospheric, and optical emission. We present signal, noise, and integration time models for selected terrestrial, aircraft, balloon, and space missions. While ground based telescopes offer the great advantage of aperture size, and hence angular resolution, they suffer from the relatively low transmission and high radiance of the atmosphere, particularly for wavelengths less than 500 μm. Space telescopes are the inverse; they are limited by a small aperture, while an airborne telescope is constrained by both. Balloon-borne telescopes provide an option over much of the band. A quantitative understanding of this is critical in comparing the sensitivity of various experiments and in planning the next generation of missions. As representative sources we use the luminous far-IR dusty galaxies NGC 958 and Mrk 231, but the same formalism can be applied to any source. In this paper we focus on continuum emission but a future paper will focus on line emission.
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