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arXiv 1401.0671quant-phcond-mat.quant-gasnucl-th
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多体世界中的少体物理

Few-body Physics in a Many-body World

N. T. Zinner

摘要:

量子力学少体系统的研究是一个世纪的追求,涉及物理学的无数子领域。虽然两体问题通常被认为在理论上和数值上都得到了很好的理解,但冒险研究三个或更多个物体会带来复杂性,但也会带来许多有趣的现象。近年来,原子和分子的冷却和囚禁已经显示出极大的希望,为研究少体物理提供了一个高度可控的环境。然而,对于许多少体效应起重要作用的系统来说,少体态并不是与它们的多体环境隔离开的。于是,一个有趣的问题变成了,我们是否(或者更准确地说)应该把少体态看作是有效孤立的,以及什么时候我们必须考虑到与环境的耦合。使用一些简单的,但不平凡的例子,我将试图建议可能的方法,这条线的研究。

英文摘要:

The study of quantum mechanical few-body systems is a century old pursuit relevant to countless subfields of physics. While the two-body problem is generally considered to be well-understood theoretically and numerically, venturing to three or more bodies brings about complications but also a host of interesting phenomena. In recent years, the cooling and trapping of atoms and molecules has shown great promise to provide a highly controllable environment to study few-body physics. However, as is true for many systems where few-body effects play an important role the few-body states are not isolated from their many-body environment. An interesting question then becomes if or (more precisely) when we should consider few-body states as effectively isolated and when we have to take the coupling to the environment into account. Using some simple, yet non-trivial, examples I will try to suggest possible approaches to this line of research.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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