自旋玻色子模型中量子相变不存在的一个证明
A Non-existence Proof of Quantum Phase Transition in Spin-Boson Model
摘要:
自旋玻色子模型中的量子相变是基于各种数值研究而提出的,但没有得到严格的证明。本文利用幺正变换将哈密顿量分解为奇宇称和偶宇称两个分支,得到了自旋玻色子模型中相反宇称态之间发生简并的充要条件和简并能量的解析表达式。严格证明了隧穿振幅不为零的自旋玻色子模型的基态的能量必须低于最低可能的简并能量,并具有一定的宇称。从宇称算符的不变性出发,我们通过数值计算表明,有限膨胀导致了负责相变的宇称对称性的破缺。我们得到的宇称对称性破缺的临界耗散参数,作为宇称算符玻色子部分有限展开式中对角矩阵元素和的对数函数,可以再现用量子Monte Carlo方法和数值重整化群方法得到的相图.结果表明,数值计算中自旋-玻色子模型的量子相变是由实际计算中有限膨胀引起的对称性破缺引起的。本文所发展的方法也可用于讨论量子混沌及其它类似问题。
英文摘要:
Quantum phase transition in the spin-boson model was claimed on the basis of various numerical studies, but not strictly proven. Here by using a unitary transformation to decompose the Hamiltonian into two branches of odd and even parity we obtained the necessary and sufficient condition for degeneracy to occur between states of opposite parity in the spin-boson model, and the analytical expression for such degenerate energies. It can be strictly proven that the ground state of spin-boson model with non-vanishing tunneling amplitude must have an energy lower than the lowest possible such degenerate energy, and have definite parity. Starting from the invariancy of the parity operator we show that finite expansion by numerical calculation induces the breaking of parity symmetry responsible for the phase transition. The critical dissipation parameter we obtained for parity-symmetry breaking, as a logarithmic function of summed diagonal matrix elements in the finite expansion for the bosonic part of the parity operator, can reproduce the phase diagram derived with quantum Monte Carlo method and logarithmically discretized numberical renormalization group approach. It reveals that the quantum phase transition in spin-boson model claimed by numerical procedures arises from symmetry breaking caused by finite expansion in practical calculation. The method we developed here may also be applicable to the discussion of quantum chaos and other similar problems.
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