Knowing whether a proposition is true means knowing that it is true or knowing that it is false. In this paper, we study logics with a modal operator Kw for knowing whether but without a modal operator K for knowing that. This logic is not a normal modal logic, because we do not have Kw (phi -> psi) -> (Kw phi -> Kw psi). Knowing whether logic cannot define many common frame properties, and its expressive power less than that of basic modal logic over classes of models without reflexivity. These features make axiomatizing knowing whether logics non-trivial. We axiomatize knowing whether logic over various frame classes. We also present an extension of knowing whether logic with public announcement operators and we give corresponding reduction axioms for that. We compare our work in detail to two recent similar proposals.
近年来,非标准认知逻辑(knowingwhether,knowinghow,knowingwhat,knowingwhy等)引起了人们越来越大的兴趣,这些逻辑中引入的新的认知模态在语义上都共享$\exists x \Box ϕ$的一般模式,例如,知道如何实现$ϕ$大致意味着存在一种方法,这样你就知道它是一种方法,以确保$ϕ$。此外,由此产生的逻辑是可判定的。受这些特定逻辑的启发,在这项工作中,我们提出了一个非常通用和强大的框架的基础上,量词自由谓词语言扩展了一个新的模态$\Box^x$,它包完全$\exists x \Box$在一起。我们表明,所得到的语言,虽然更有表现力,共享许多良好的性质的基本命题模态逻辑在任意模型,如有限树模型属性和van Bentham的特征w.r.t.一阶模态逻辑我们公理化的逻辑在S5框架与直观的公理捕捉之间的相互作用$\Box^x$和知道,运营商在认知设置。
Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA - CSIC)(西班牙国家研究委员会人工智能研究所);Nicolaus Copernicus University(尼古拉·哥白尼大学);CONICET(阿根廷国家科学技术研究委员会);Univ. Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(布宜诺斯艾利斯省国立中部大学);UBA-FCEyN(布宜诺斯艾利斯大学精确与自然科学学院);Inst. de Invest. en Cs. de la Computación(计算机科学研究所)