家鼠基因组多样性的种间渐渗起源
Interspecific Introgressive Origin of Genomic Diversity in the House Mouse
摘要：
我们报告的全基因组扫描渗入的家鼠（小家鼠）涉及阿尔及利亚小鼠（小家鼠spretus），在非洲和欧洲的同域分布和异地分布的范围内使用的样品。我们的分析揭示了沿基因组以及跨样品的渐渗签名的广泛变异性。我们发现，每个基因组中只有不到一半的常染色体含有所有可检测到的基因渗入，而X染色体则没有。此外，欧洲小鼠携带更多的M。spretus等位基因比同域分布的非洲等位基因。使用的长度分布和共享模式的渗入基因组片段的样品，我们推断，首先，至少有三个不同的杂交事件涉及M。spretus已经发生，其中一个是古老的，其他两个是最近的（一个可能是由于华法林灭鼠剂的选择）。第二，几个推断的基因渗入道含有基因，可能赋予适应性优势。第三，基因渗入的区域可能包含决定这些区域进化命运的驱动基因。此外，功能分析揭示了渐渗基因是必不可少的健身，包括Vkorc1基因，这是牵连在灭鼠剂的抗性，和嗅觉受体基因。我们的研究结果强调了基因渗入在自然界中的程度和作用，并呼吁在进化和遗传研究中仔细分析和解释家鼠数据。
英文摘要：
We report on a genome-wide scan for introgression in the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) involving the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus), using samples from the ranges of sympatry and allopatry in Africa and Europe. Our analysis reveals wide variability in introgression signatures along the genomes, as well as across the samples. We find that fewer than half of the autosomes in each genome harbor all detectable introgression, while the X chromosome has none. Further, European mice carry more M. spretus alleles than the sympatric African ones. Using the length distribution and sharing patterns of introgressed genomic tracts across the samples, we infer, first, that at least three distinct hybridization events involving M. spretus have occurred, one of which is ancient, and the other two are recent (one presumably due to warfarin rodenticide selection). Second, several of the inferred introgressed tracts contain genes that are likely to confer adaptive advantage. Third, introgressed tracts might contain driver genes that determine the evolutionary fate of those tracts. Further, functional analysis revealed introgressed genes that are essential to fitness, including the Vkorc1 gene, which is implicated in rodenticide resistance, and olfactory receptor genes. Our findings highlight the extent and role of introgression in nature, and call for careful analysis and interpretation of house mouse data in evolutionary and genetic studies.
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