中子星中的斜环磁场及其引力波特征
Tilted torus magnetic fields in neutron stars and their gravitational wave signatures
摘要：
引力波诊断是为了区分中子星中的各种混合极-环磁场而发展的，特别强调了差异旋转的质子中子星。它示出，倾斜的环面磁场，定义为一个内部/外部极向分量，其对称轴相对于旋转轴倾斜的总和，和一个内部的环形分量，其对称轴与旋转轴对齐，变形的明星三轴，不像扭曲的环面场，变形的明星双轴。利用一个解析的倾斜环面的例子，我们表明，这两种拓扑结构可以区分他们的引力波谱和偏振相图。例如，谱峰的相对振幅和频率允许人们推断出磁场的环向分量和极向分量的相对强度以及磁倾角。最后，我们展示了如何自然产生的倾斜环面场从磁流体动力学模拟差分旋转中子星，以及如何引力波频谱演变的内部环向场风。这些结果指出，一旦引力波干涉仪定期探测到核心坍缩超新星，各种实验就可能成为可能。
英文摘要：
Gravitational-wave diagnostics are developed for discriminating between varieties of mixed poloidal-toroidal magnetic fields in neutron stars, with particular emphasis on differentially rotating protoneutron stars. It is shown that tilted torus magnetic fields, defined as the sum of an internal/external poloidal component, whose axis of symmetry is tilted with respect to the rotation axis, and an internal toroidal component, whose axis of symmetry is aligned with the rotation axis, deform the star triaxially, unlike twisted torus fields, which deform the star biaxially. Utilizing an analytic tilted torus example, we show that these two topologies can be distinguished by their gravitational wave spectrum and polarization phase portraits. For example, the relative amplitudes and frequencies of the spectral peaks allows one to infer the relative strengths of the toroidal and poloidal components of the field, and the magnetic inclination angle. Finally, we show how a tilted torus field arises naturally from magnetohydrodynamic simulations of differentially rotating neutron stars, and how the gravitational wave spectrum evolves as the internal toroidal field winds up. These results point to the sorts of experiments that may become possible once gravitational wave interferometers detect core-collapse supernovae routinely.
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