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arXiv 1310.1600cond-mat.stat-mechhep-thquant-ph
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相变动力学的普适性:对称性破缺引起的拓扑缺陷

Universality of Phase Transition Dynamics: Topological Defects from Symmetry Breaking

Adolfo del Campo, Wojciech H. Zurek

摘要:

在非平衡连续相变的过程中,由于临界减速(临界点附近弛豫时间的发散),动力学在临界点附近不再是绝热的。这强制了对称性破缺的局部选择,并可能导致拓扑缺陷的形成。Kibble-Zurek机制(KZM)被开发来描述相关的非平衡动力学,并估计作为通过过渡的淬火速率的函数的缺陷密度。近年来,在经典和量子力学体系中,人们进行了几个新的实验,研究由淬火引起的相变中缺陷的形成。与此同时,一些既定的结果受到质疑。我们审查和分析Kibble-Zurek机制,特别是集中在这一激增的活动,并提出可能的方向,进一步的进展。

英文摘要:

In the course of a non-equilibrium continuous phase transition, the dynamics ceases to be adiabatic in the vicinity of the critical point as a result of the critical slowing down (the divergence of the relaxation time in the neighborhood of the critical point). This enforces a local choice of the broken symmetry and can lead to the formation of topological defects. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) was developed to describe the associated nonequilibrium dynamics and to estimate the density of defects as a function of the quench rate through the transition. During recent years, several new experiments investigating formation of defects in phase transitions induced by a quench both in classical and quantum mechanical systems were carried out. At the same time, some established results were called into question. We review and analyze the Kibble-Zurek mechanism focusing in particular on this surge of activity, and suggest possible directions for further progress.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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