电子量子擦除器
An Electronic Quantum Eraser
摘要：
互补性，量子测量的不完整性--量子力学的核心概念--源于测量仪器的选择。互补性的概念与海森堡的不确定原理密切相关，但两者之间的确切关系仍然存在争议。例如，在双缝干涉实验中，知道粒子的位置会抑制它的波动性质，反之亦然，通过干涉观察波动性质意味着缺乏粒子路径的知识。探索互补性的一个典型系统是量子擦除器（QE），迄今为止主要在光子系统中进行研究。QE是由两个阶段组成的干扰实验。首先，干扰路径中的一个被耦合到“哪个路径”（WP）检测器-证明由于WP信息的获取而导致的干扰损失。第二，WP信息通过在特定基础上投影探测器的波函数而被“擦除”;这使得WP信息不可访问，从而允许干涉图案的重建。在这项工作中，我们提出了第一个实现的量化宽松的电子系统。我们的系统由两个相同的电子马赫-曾德尔干涉仪（MZI）通过库仑相互作用纠缠。这种新的设置已经引起了相当大的理论关注。一个MZI用作路径检测器，另一个用作系统干涉仪，系统中Aharonov-Bohm振荡的可见性可以由检测器控制。我们演示了如何连续变化的测量基础，然后通过后选择（通过交叉相关的电流波动），允许保持和擦除WP信息之间的平稳过渡。
英文摘要：
Complementarity, the incomplete nature of a quantum measurement - a core concept in quantum mechanics - stems from the choice of the measurement apparatus. The notion of complementarity is closely related to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, but the exact relation between the two remains a source of debate. For example, knowledge of a particle's position in a double slit interference experiment will quench its wave-like nature and, vice versa, observing the wave property via interference implies lack of knowledge of the particle's path. A canonical system for exploring complementarity is the quantum eraser (QE), predominantly studied thus far in photonic systems. A QE is an interference experiment consisting of two stages. First, one of the interfering paths is coupled to a 'which path' (WP) detector - demonstrating loss of interference due to acquisition of WP information. Second, the WP information is being 'erased' by projecting the detector's wavefunction on a particular basis; this renders the WP information inaccessible, thus allowing reconstruction of the interference pattern. In this work, we present a first implementation of a QE in an electronic system. Our system consists of two identical electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) entangled via Coulomb interactions. Such novel setup has already attracted a considerable theoretical attention. With one MZI serving as a path detector and the other as the system interferometer, the visibility of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillation in the System can be controlled by the Detector. We demonstrate how a continuous change of the measurement basis, followed by post selection (via cross correlation of current fluctuations), allows a smooth transition between keeping and erasing the WP information.
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