TeV耀变体的物理学和宇宙学
The physics and cosmology of TeV blazars in a nutshell
摘要：
在TeV能量的河外伽马射线天空中，耀变体占主导地位，耀变体是吸积超大质量黑洞的一个子类，具有指向我们的强大相对论外流。耀变体只占黑洞总能量输出的一小部分，人们认为它对宇宙的影响充其量也只是很小的。正如我们在这里所说的，事实正好相反，TeV耀变体的伽马射线发射可以通过宇宙尺度上的束等离子体不稳定性以统一的效率被热化，从而导致低密度星系际介质的潜在急剧加热。在这里，我们回顾这种新的加热机制，并探讨宇宙结构形成的后果。特别是，我们展示了它是如何产生一个倒置的星系际介质的温度-密度关系，这是与观测的莱曼α森林。这表明耀变体加热可以潜在地解释星系晕和空洞中矮星系的缺乏，以及星系团的双峰性。这也改变了我们对耀变体演化的理解，它们对河外伽马射线背景的贡献，以及它们的单独光谱如何用于约束星系际磁场。
英文摘要：
The extragalactic gamma-ray sky at TeV energies is dominated by blazars, a subclass of accreting super-massive black holes with powerful relativistic outflows directed at us. Only constituting a small fraction of the total power output of black holes, blazars were thought to have a minor impact on the universe at best. As we argue here, the opposite is true and the gamma-ray emission from TeV blazars can be thermalized via beam-plasma instabilities on cosmological scales with order unity efficiency, resulting in a potentially dramatic heating of the low-density intergalactic medium. Here, we review this novel heating mechanism and explore the consequences for the formation of structure in the universe. In particular, we show how it produces an inverted temperature-density relation of the intergalactic medium that is in agreement with observations of the Lyman-alpha forest. This suggests that blazar heating can potentially explain the paucity of dwarf galaxies in galactic halos and voids, and the bimodality of galaxy clusters. This also transforms our understanding of the evolution of blazars, their contribution to the extra-galactic gamma-ray background, and how their individual spectra can be used in constraining intergalactic magnetic fields.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
