随机排列冷模吸积流产生的卫星星系的共面性
The co-planarity of satellite galaxies delivered by randomly aligned cold mode accretion streams
摘要：
最近的观测表明，仙女座星系的大多数卫星都排列在一个薄平面上。在理论方面，有人提出星系通过冷流获得它们的气体。此外，数值模拟表明，同样的气流也会产生气体团，这些气体团可能会发展成卫星星系。假设冷流是星系周围卫星系统的主要来源，我们计算了在两种不同的模型中找到一定比例的卫星在一个薄平面内围绕主晕的中央星系的旋转和不具有相同的意义的概率。使用简单的几何考虑，并采用随机方向的流，我们证明了巨大的薄盘仙女座周围的卫星检测到自然可以解释在这个框架内。事实上，如果没有任何卫星散射，两个流将导致太多的卫星在薄平面上，与观测相比。有三条数据流很好地再现了观测结果。我们的模型的自然含义是，所有的大质量星系都应该有一个薄的卫星平面，卫星应该自然地分布在一个平面上，而不是在一个平面上，而是在几个倾斜的平面上。我们估计的效果，从随机方向的附加卫星吸积，并发现它是轻微的相关性，从随机方向的卫星轻微流入。
英文摘要：
Recent observations have shown that the majority of the Andromeda galaxy's satellites are aligned in a thin plane. On the theoretical side it has been proposed that galaxies acquire their gas via cold streams. In addition, numerical simulations show that the same streams also deliver gas clumps which could potentially develop into satellite galaxies. Assuming that cold streams are a major source of satellite systems around galaxies we calculate the probabilities in two different models to find a certain fraction of satellites within a thin plane around the central galaxy of the host halo with and without having the same sense of rotation. Using simple geometrical considerations and adopting a random orientation of the streams we demonstrate that the vast thin disk of satellites detected around Andromeda can naturally be explained within this framework. In fact, without any satellite scattering, two streams would lead to too many satellites in the thin plane, compared with the observations. Three streams reproduce the observations very well. Natural implications from our model are that all massive galaxies should have a thin plane of satellites and that the satellites should naturally distribute themselves not only into a single plane but into several inclined ones. We estimate the effect of additional satellites accreted from random directions and find it to be of minor relevance for a mild inflow of satellites from random directions.
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