A high-quality content analysis is essential for retrieval functionalities but the manual extraction of key phrases and classification is expensive. Natural language processing provides a framework to automatize the process. Here, a machine-based approach for the content analysis of mathematical texts is described. A prototype for key phrase extraction and classification of mathematical texts is presented.
Automatic definition extraction from texts is an important task that has numerous applications in several natural language processing fields such as summarization, analysis of scientific texts, automatic taxonomy generation, ontology generation, concept identification, and question answering. For definitions that are contained within a single sentence, this problem can be viewed as a binary classification of sentences into definitions and non-definitions. In this paper, we focus on automatic detection of one-sentence definitions in mathematical texts, which are difficult to separate from surro…
National Institute of Standards and Technology（美国国家标准与技术研究院）；Topos Institute（托波斯研究所）
We investigate different systems for extracting mathematical entities from English texts in the mathematical field of category theory as a first step for constructing a mathematical knowledge graph. We consider four different term extractors and compare their results. This small experiment showcases some of the issues with the construction and evaluation of terms extracted from noisy domain text. We also make available two open corpora in research mathematics, in particular in category theory: a small corpus of 755 abstracts from the journal TAC (3188 sentences), and a larger corpus from the n…
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that gives machines the ability to decode human languages. Partof-speech tagging (POS tagging) is a pre-processing task that requires an annotated corpus. Rule-based and stochastic methods showed remarkable results for POS tag prediction. On this work, I performed a mathematical model based on Hidden Markov structures and I obtained a high-level accuracy of ingredients extracted from text recipe with performances greater than what traditional methods could make without unknown words consideration.
We have implemented a machine translation system, the PolyMath Translator, for LaTeX documents containing mathematical text. The current implementation translates English LaTeX to French LaTeX, attaining a BLEU score of 53.5 on a held-out test corpus of mathematical sentences. It produces LaTeX documents that can be compiled to PDF without further editing. The system first converts the body of an input LaTeX document into English sentences containing math tokens, using the pandoc universal document converter to parse LaTeX input. We have trained a Transformer-based translator model, using Open…
Architecture and evolution of semantic networks in mathematics texts
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University（哈佛大学约翰·保尔森工程与应用科学学院）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；Santa Fe Institute（圣塔菲研究所）
Renmin University of China（中国人民大学）；iFLYTEK Research（科大讯飞研究院）；iFLYTEK（科大讯飞）
This paper aims to advance the mathematical intelligence of machines by presenting the first Chinese mathematical pre-trained language model~(PLM) for effectively understanding and representing mathematical problems. Unlike other standard NLP tasks, mathematical texts are difficult to understand, since they involve mathematical terminology, symbols and formulas in the problem statement. Typically, it requires complex mathematical logic and background knowledge for solving mathematical problems. Considering the complex nature of mathematical texts, we design a novel curriculum pre-training appr…
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence（向量人工智能研究所）
We present the Project Dialogism Novel Corpus, or PDNC, an annotated dataset of quotations for English literary texts. PDNC contains annotations for 35,978 quotations across 22 full-length novels, and is by an order of magnitude the largest corpus of its kind. Each quotation is annotated for the speaker, addressees, type of quotation, referring expression, and character mentions within the quotation text. The annotated attributes allow for a comprehensive evaluation of models of quotation attribution and coreference for literary texts.
Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Beijing Institute of Big Data Research（北京大数据研究院）
We characterize the meaning of words with language-independent numerical fingerprints, through a mathematical analysis of recurring patterns in texts. Approximating texts by Markov processes on a long-range time scale, we are able to extract topics, discover synonyms, and sketch semantic fields from a particular document of moderate length, without consulting external knowledge-base or thesaurus. Our Markov semantic model allows us to represent each topical concept by a low-dimensional vector, interpretable as algebraic invariants in succinct statistical operations on the document, targeting l…
