石墨烯微带中磁等离子体激元激发引起的巨法拉第旋转
Giant Faraday rotation due to excitation of magnetoplasmons in graphene microribbons
摘要：
当受到垂直静态磁场时，单个石墨烯片提供法拉第旋转，其每原子层大大超过任何其他已知材料。这种巨法拉第旋转起源于无质量电子的回旋共振，它允许通过外部静电或静磁设置进行动态调谐。此外，可以通过改变石墨烯中载流子的符号来控制旋转方向，这可以借助于外部电场来完成。然而，尽管存在这些调谐可能性，但对大磁场的要求阻碍了法拉第效应在实际设备中的应用，特别是对于高于几个THz的频率。在这项工作中，我们证明，对于一个给定的值的静态外部磁场，巨大的法拉第旋转可以实现在石墨烯微带阵列中的频率远远高于相应的回旋频率。石墨烯带的磁光响应的主要特征与回旋共振无关，而是与单个带的基本磁等离子体激元激发有关。石墨烯带中法拉第旋转的磁等离子体性质开启了巨大的可能性，因为可以通过适当地选择带的宽度来局部地选择共振频率，同时通过（较小的）外部磁场仍然保持调谐能力。
英文摘要：
A single graphene sheet, when subjected to a perpendicular static magnetic field provides Faraday rotation that, per atomic layer, greatly surpasses that of any other known material. This Giant Faraday rotation originates from the cyclotron resonance of massless electrons, which allows dynamical tuning through either external electrostatic or magnetostatic setting. Furthermore, the rotation direction can be controlled by changing the sign of the carriers in graphene, which can be done by means of an external electric field. However, despite these tuning possibilities, the requirement of large magnetic fields hinders application of the Faraday effect in real devices, especially for frequencies higher than few THz. In this work we demonstrate that, for a given value of the static external magnetic field, giant Faraday rotation can be achieved in arrays of graphene microribbons at frequencies much higher than the corresponding cyclotron frequency. The main feature in the magneto-optical response of graphene ribbons is not associated with the cyclotron resonance but rather with the fundamental magnetoplasmon excitation of a single ribbon. The magnetoplasmon nature of Faraday rotation in graphene ribbons opens great possibilities, as the resonance frequency can be locally selected by appropriately choosing the width of the ribbon while still preserving the tuning capability through a (smaller) external magnetic field.
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