生物分子力-延伸曲线中的锯齿模式：平衡统计力学理论
Sawtooth patterns in biomolecules force-extension curves: an equilibrium-statistical-mechanics theory
摘要：
我们分析了一般类的系统，这是在介观水平上描述的自由能取决于其组件的扩展的力-延伸曲线。与实际实验中所做的类似，系统的总长度是受控参数。这在导致扩展的平衡值的最小化过程中施加了全局约束。因此，力-伸长曲线在一定的力范围内具有多个分支。这些分支的稳定性取决于自由能：在总长度的某些值处存在一系列一阶相变，其中自由能本身是连续的，但其一阶导数，即力，具有有限的跳跃。这种行为与在蛋白质等生物分子和其他复杂系统的真实实验中观察到的行为完全相似。
英文摘要：
We analyze the force-extension curve for a general class of systems, which are described at the mesoscopic level by a free energy depending on the extension of its components. Similarly to what is done in real experiments, the total length of the system is the controlled parameter. This imposes a global constraint in the minimization procedure leading to the equilibrium values of the extensions. As a consequence, the force-extension curve has multiple branches in a certain range of forces. The stability of these branches is governed by the free energy: there are a series of first-order phase transitions at certain values of the total length, in which the free energy itself is continuous but its first derivative, the force, has a finite jump. This behavior is completely similar to the one observed in real experiments with biomolecules like proteins, and other complex systems.
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