We investigate the mapping of Dirac gaugino masses through regions of strong coupling, focussing on SQCD with an adjoint. These models have a well-known Kutasov duality, under which a weakly coupled electric UV description can flow to a different weakly coupled magnetic IR description. We provide evidence to show that Dirac gaugino mass terms map as lim_{mu->infty} mD/(g kappa^{1/(k+1}} = lim_{mu->0} tilde{mD}/(tilde{g} tilde{kappa}^{1/(k+1}} under such a flow, where the coupling kappa appears in the superpotential of the canonically normalised theory as W \supset kappa X^{k+1}. This combination is an RG-invariant to all orders in perturbation theory, but establishing the mapping in its entirety is not straightforward because Dirac masses are not the spurions of holomorphic couplings in the N=1 theory. To circumvent this, we first demonstrate that deforming the Kutasov theory can make it flow to an N=2 theory with parametrically small N=1 deformations. Using harmonic superspace techniques we then show that the N=1 deformations can be recovered from electric and magnetic FI-terms that break N=2 -> N=1, and also show that pure Dirac mass terms can be induced by the same mechanism. We then find that the proposed RG-invariant is indeed preserved under N=2 duality, and thence along the flow to the dual N=1 Kutasov theories. Possible phenomenological applications are discussed.
The issue of a Majorana, Dirac or pseudo-Dirac mass for gauginos must not be reduced to a question of an extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model by extra states, parameters and phenomenological implications. On the contrary, it is intimately related to the fundamental issue of the realization of new symmetries in nature, R-symmetries. We present here a very dense compilation of the main features of models with (pseudo-)Dirac gauginos.
The set of renormalisation group equations to two loop order for general supersymmetric theories broken by soft and supersoft operators is completed. As an example, the explicit expressions for the RGEs in a Dirac gaugino extension of the (N)MSSM are presented.
We present formulae for the calculation of Dirac gaugino masses at leading order in the supersymmetry breaking scale using the methods of analytic continuation in superspace and demonstrate a link with kinetic mixing, even for non-abelian gauginos. We illustrate the result through examples in field and string theory. We discuss the possibility that the singlet superfield that gives the U(1) gaugino a Dirac mass may be a modulus, and some consequences of the D-term coupling to the scalar component. We give examples of possible effects in colliders and astroparticle experiments if the modulus sc…
In an attempt to maximize General Gauge Mediated parameter space, I propose simple models in which gauginos and scalars are generated from disconnected mechanisms. In my models Dirac gauginos are generated through the supersoft mechanism, while independent R-symmetric scalar masses are generated through operators involving non-zero messenger supertrace. I propose several new methods for generating negative messenger supertraces which result in viable positive mass squareds for MSSM scalars. The resultant spectra are novel, compressed and may contain light fermionic SM adjoint fields.
We extend the formulation by Meade, Seiberg and Shih of general gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking to include Dirac masses for the gauginos. These appear through mixing of the visible sector gauginos with additional states in adjoint representations. We illustrate the method by reproducing the existing results in the literature for the gaugino and sfermion masses when preserving R-symmetry. We then explain how the generation of same sign masses for the two propagating degrees of freedom in the adjoint scalars can be achieved. We end by commenting on the use of the formalism for describi…
We investigate the building of models with Dirac gauginos and perturbative gauge coupling unification. Here, in contrast to the MSSM, additional fields are required for unification, and these can naturally play the role of the messengers of supersymmetry breaking. We present a framework within which such models can be constructed, including the constraints that the messenger sector must satisfy; and the renormalisation group equations for the soft parameters, which differ from those of the MSSM. For illustration, we provide the spectrum at the electroweak scale for explicit models whose gauge …
We show that models of the Dirac gaugino can naturally be embedded into a kind of the grand unified theory (GUT), the grand gauge-Higgs unification (gGHU) model, with the gauge group SU(5)\times SU(5)/Z_2 on an S^1/Z_2 orbifold. The supersymmetric gGHU is known to posess a light chiral adjoint supermultiplet after the GUT breaking, thank to the exchange symmetry of two SU(5) groups. Identifying the `predicted' adjoint fermion with the Dirac partner of the gaugino, we argue that the supersoft term, responsible for the Dirac gaugino mass, can be obtained from the supersymmetric Chern-Simons (CS)…
We introduce a new supersymmetric extension of the standard model in which the gauge sector contains complete N=2 supersymmetry multiplets. Supersymmetry breaking from the D-term vev of a hidden sector U(1) gauge field leads to Dirac soft supersymmetry breaking gaugino masses, and a new type of soft scalar trilinear couplings. The resulting squark and slepton masses are finite, calculable, positive and flavor universal. The Higgs soft mass squared is negative. The phenomenology of these theories differs significantly from the MSSM. We discuss a variety of possible origins for the soft operator…
We examine the effective low-energy theory of the adjoint sector of Dirac gaugino models and its UV completions, and identify the main source of tuning. A holomorphic scalar adjoint mass square (the "$b_M$ term") is generated at the same order (1-loop) as the Dirac gaugino mass (the "$m_D$ term"), leading to the problematic relation $b_M\sim16π^2 m_D^2$, somewhat analogous to the $μ-B_μ$ problem of gauge mediation. We identify the leading operators of the low-energy effective theory contributing to the adjoint sector, and evaluate them in various UV completions, confirming the existence of thi…
Supersymmetric models in which the gauginos acquire Dirac masses, rather than Majorana masses, offer an appealing alternative to the minimal supersymmetric standard model, especially in the light of the bounds set on superpartner masses by the 2011 LHC data. Dirac gauginos require the presence of chiral multiplets in the adjoint representation of the gauge group, and the realisation of such scenarios in F-theory is the subject of this paper. The chiral adjoints drastically alter the usual picture of gauge coupling unification, but this is disturbed anyway in F-theory models with non-trivial hy…
A simple and natural model is presented that gives Dirac gauginos. The configuration is related to "deconstructed gaugino mediation". A high energy completion is provided based on existing ISS-like models of deconstructed gaugino mediation. This provides a complete picture of Dirac gauginos that includes the necessary extra adjoint fermions (generated as magnetic quarks of the ISS theory) and supersymmetry breaking (via the ISS mechanism). Moreover the screening of the scalar masses means that they can similar to or less than the gaugino masses, even though the supersymmetry breaking is driven…
Under a few mild assumptions, N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions is shown to be spontaneously broken in a self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation of BCS/NJL type to one-loop off-shell, in the gauge theory specified by the gauge kinetic function and the superpotential of adjoint chiral superfields, in particular, that possesses N=2 extended supersymmetry spontaneously broken to N=1 at tree level. The N=2 gauginos receive mixed Majorana-Dirac masses and are split. We derive an explicit form of the gap equation, showing the existence of a nontrivial solution.
We investigate the leptophilic properties of Dirac gauginos in an R--symmetric N=2 supersymmetric model with extended gauge and Higgs sectors. The annihilation of Dirac gauginos to leptons requires no chirality flip in the final states so that it is not suppressed as in the Majorana case. This implies that it can be sizable enough to explain the positron excess observed by the PAMELA experiment with moderate or no boost factors. When squark masses are heavy, the annihilation of Dirac gauginos to hadrons is controlled by their Higgsino fraction and is driven by the $hZ$ and $W^+W^-$ final state…
We consider the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model allowing both Dirac and Majorana gauginos. The Dirac masses are obtained by pairing up extra chiral multiplets: a singlet S for U(1)_Y, a triplet T for SU(2) and an octet O for SU(3) with the respective gauginos. The electroweak symmetry breaking sector is modified by the couplings of the new fields S and T to the Higgs doublets. We discuss two limits: i) both the adjoint scalars are decoupled with the main effect being the modification of the Higgs quartic coupling; ii) the singlet remaining light, and due to its direct co…
We discuss the moduli-dependent couplings of the higher derivative F-terms $(\Tr W^2)^{h-1}$, where $W$ is the gauge N=1 chiral superfield. They are determined by the genus zero topological partition function $F^{(0,h)}$, on a world-sheet with $h$ boundaries. By string duality, these terms are also related to heterotic topological amplitudes studied in the past, with the topological twist applied only in the left-moving supersymmetric sector of the internal $N=(2,0)$ superconformal field theory. The holomorphic anomaly of these couplings relates them to terms of the form $Π^n({\rm Tr}W^2)^{h-2…
We propose the Supersymmetric Standard Models (SSMs) with a pseudo-Dirac gluino from hybrid $F-$ and $D-$term supersymmetry (SUSY) breakings. Similar to the SSMs before the LHC, all the supersymmetric particles in the Minimal SSM (MSSM) obtain the SUSY breaking soft terms from the traditional gravity mediation and have masses within about 1 TeV except gluino. To evade the LHC SUSY search constraints, the gluino also has a heavy Dirac mass above 3 TeV from $D-$term SUSY breaking. Interestingly, such a heavy Dirac gluino mass will not induce the electroweak fine-tuning problem. We realize such S…
We point out that type I string theory in the presence of internal magnetic fields provides a concrete realization of split supersymmetry. To lowest order, gauginos are massless while squarks and sleptons are superheavy. We build such realistic U(3)xU(2)xU(1) models on stacks of magnetized D9-branes. Though not unified into a simple group, these theories preserve the successful supersymmetric relation of gauge couplings, as they start out with equal SU(3) and SU(2) couplings and the correct initial sin^2θ_W at the compactification scale of M_{GUT}\simeq 2x10^{16} GeV, and they have the minimal…
We present a complete, viable model of gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking that is safe from all flavor constraints. The central new idea is to employ a supersymmetry breaking sector without singlets, but with D-terms comparable to F-terms, causing supersymmetry breaking to be dominantly communicated through U(1)_R-symmetric operators. We construct a visible sector that is an extension of the MSSM where an \emph{accidental} U(1)_R symmetry emerges naturally. Gauginos acquire Dirac masses from gravity-mediated D-terms, and tiny Majorana masses from anomaly-mediated contributions. Contributi…
The exchange part of energy density of the linear Dirac--Hartree--Fock (DHF) model in symmetric nuclear matter is evaluated in a parameter--free closed form and expressed as density functional. After the rearranging terms the relativistic mean-field approach with density-dependent couplings may be recovered with density dependence coming from the Fock exchange. The formalism developed, is then extended to the nonlinear DHF approximation with field self-couplings allowed. The nonlinear self--interactions result in essential density dependence (medium modification) of effective couplings that ar…
A `canonical mapping' is established between the c=-1 system of bosonic ghosts and the c=2 complex scalar theory and, a similar mapping between the c=-2 system of fermionic ghosts and the c=1 Dirac theory. The existence of this mapping is suggested by the identity of the characters of the respective theories. The respective c<0 and c>0 theories share the same space of states, whereas the spaces of conformal fields are different. Upon this mapping from their c<0 counterparts, the (c>0) complex scalar and the Dirac theories inherit hidden nonlocal sl(2) symmetries.
In this work we explore a generalization of the Dirac and Klein-Gordon (KG) oscillators, provided with a deformed linear momentum inspired in nonextensive statistics, that gives place to the Morse potential in relativistic contexts by first principles. In the (1+1)-dimensional case the relativistic oscillators are mapped into the quantum Morse potential. Using the Pekeris approximation, in the (3+1)-dimensional case we study the thermodynamics of the S-waves states (l=0) of the H2, LiH, HCl and CO molecules (in the non-relativistic limit) and of a relativistic electron, where Schottky anomalie…
