TMR-1的近红外变率活动：关于候选原行星TMR-1C性质的新认识
A near-infrared variability campaign of TMR-1: New light on the nature of the candidate protoplanet TMR-1C
摘要：
我们对候选原行星TMR-1C进行了近红外（NIR）光度变化研究，TMR-1C位于金牛座分子云中，距离I类原双星TMR-1AB约10”（~1000 AU）。我们的活动在2011年10月至2012年1月期间进行。我们能够在H和Ks滤波器中获得44个观测时期。基于我们观测的最终准确性，我们没有发现任何强有力的证据表明TMR-1C或TMR-1AB在振幅>0.15-0.2 mag的短期NIR变化。然而，我们目前的观测结果再次证实了TMR-1C近红外发射的大幅度长期变化，这是在1998年至2002年期间观察到的，并且还表明亮度和颜色变化之间不存在特定的相关性。TMR-1C在1998年至2002年期间在H波段变亮了约1.8等，然后在2002年至2011年期间再次变暗了约0.7等。相比之下，在1998年至2011年期间，它在KS波段持续变得更亮。TMR-1C的（H-Ks）颜色显示出很大的变化，从1998年和2000年的红色值1.3+/-0.07和1.6+/-0.05等，到2002年的蓝色值-0.1+/-0.5等，然后在2011年再次显示红色值1.1+/-0.08等。从1998年到2011年观察到的变化表明，TMR-1C在变红时变得更暗，正如可变消光所预期的那样，而在KS波段观察到的增亮可能是由于其内部磁盘结构的物理变化。在1998年、2000年和2011年的观测中，使用高精度测光获得的TMR-1C的近红外颜色与金牛座的原恒星相似，表明它可能是一个暗淡的尘埃I类源。我们的研究还揭示了TMR-1AB附近的两个新的可变源，它们在2002年至2011年期间的近红外颜色中显示出约1-2等的长期变化。
英文摘要：
(abridged) We present a near-infrared (NIR) photometric variability study of the candidate protoplanet, TMR-1C, located at a separation of about 10" (~1000 AU) from the Class I protobinary TMR-1AB in the Taurus molecular cloud. Our campaign was conducted between October, 2011, and January, 2012. We were able to obtain 44 epochs of observations in each of the H and Ks filters. Based on the final accuracy of our observations, we do not find any strong evidence of short-term NIR variability at amplitudes of >0.15-0.2 mag for TMR-1C or TMR-1AB. Our present observations, however, have reconfirmed the large-amplitude long-term variations in the NIR emission for TMR-1C, which were earlier observed between 1998 and 2002, and have also shown that no particular correlation exists between the brightness and the color changes. TMR-1C became brighter in the H-band by ~1.8 mag between 1998 and 2002, and then fainter again by ~0.7 mag between 2002 and 2011. In contrast, it has persistently become brighter in the Ks-band in the period between 1998 and 2011. The (H-Ks) color for TMR-1C shows large variations, from a red value of 1.3+/-0.07 and 1.6+/-0.05 mag in 1998 and 2000, to a much bluer color of -0.1+/-0.5 mag in 2002, and then again a red color of 1.1+/-0.08 mag in 2011. The observed variability from 1998 to 2011 suggests that TMR-1C becomes fainter when it gets redder, as expected from variable extinction, while the brightening observed in the Ks-band could be due to physical variations in its inner disk structure. The NIR colors for TMR-1C obtained using the high precision photometry from 1998, 2000, and 2011 observations are similar to the protostars in Taurus, suggesting that it could be a faint dusty Class I source. Our study has also revealed two new variable sources in the vicinity of TMR-1AB, which show long-term variations of ~1-2 mag in the NIR colors between 2002 and 2011.
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