时间作为量子衰变的动力学变量
Time as a dynamical variable in quantum decay
摘要：
我们提出了一个理论分析的量子衰变中的生存概率被替换的衰变率，等于绝对值的平方的波函数的时间表示。时间表象中的波函数简单地说是能量表象中的波函数的傅里叶变换，它也是时间算子的正算子值测度产生的概率幅。本文的分析赋予时间以量子衰变的动力学性质，并且只有当不稳定系统在衰变过程中被连续监测时才适用。当分析应用于伽莫夫状态时，人们恢复了指数衰减定律。分析使我们能够解释GSI异常，中性介子和荧光量子拍频的衰减率的振荡作为两个共振在时间表示的干扰的结果。此外，分析使我们能够表明，共振的飞行时间与其寿命一致。
英文摘要：
We present a theoretical analysis of quantum decay in which the survival probability is replaced by a decay rate that is equal to the absolute value squared of the wave function in the time representation. The wave function in the time representation is simply the Fourier transform of the wave function in the energy representation, and it is also the probability amplitude generated by the Positive Operator Valued Measure of a time operator. The present analysis endows time with a dynamical character in quantum decay, and it is applicable only when the unstable system is monitored continuously while it decays. When the analysis is applied to the Gamow state, one recovers the exponential decay law. The analysis allows us to interpret the oscillations in the decay rate of the GSI anomaly, of neutral mesons, and of fluorescence quantum beats as the result of the interference of two resonances in the time representation. In addition, the analysis allows us to show that the time of flight of a resonance coincides with its lifetime.
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