用于无线电波接收器的无线电透明多层绝缘体
Radio-transparent multi-layer insulation for radiowave receivers
摘要：
在无线电波探测领域，扩大接收器孔径以提高探测到的光量是取得更大科学成就的必要条件。使用无线电发射孔径的一个挑战是保持探测器冷却。这是因为对高于射频范围的热辐射的透明性增加了热负荷。人们期待已久的技术，保持寒冷的条件，同时允许更大的光圈。我们提出了由一组堆叠的绝缘层组成的辐射透明多层绝缘（RT-MLI）。绝缘体对射频是透明的，但对红外辐射是不透明的。冷却的基本思想类似于传统的多层绝缘。它导致减少热辐射，同时保持均匀的表面温度。与其他类型的滤波器相比，这种技术的优点是不需要热连接。作为绝缘体材料，我们使用发泡聚苯乙烯;其低折射率使得不需要抗反射涂层。我们测量了RT-MLI的基本性能，以确认热负载随着层数的增加而降低。我们还证实了我们的RT-MLI对无线电波具有高透射率，但阻挡红外辐射。例如，具有12层的RT-MLI在低于200 GHz（高于4THz）下具有大于95%（低于1%）的透射率。我们证明了它的效果在一个系统中的吸收型过滤器，孔径直径为200毫米。低温成功地保持了过滤器。我们的结论是，这种技术显着提高了无线电波接收器的冷却，特别适合于大口径系统。该技术有望应用于射电天文学、地质环境评估和雷达系统等各个领域。
英文摘要：
In the field of radiowave detection, enlarging the receiver aperture to enhance the amount of light detected is essential for greater scientific achievements. One challenge in using radio transmittable apertures is keeping the detectors cool. This is because transparency to thermal radiation above the radio frequency range increases the thermal load. A technology that maintains cold conditions while allowing larger apertures has been long-awaited. We propose radio-transparent multi-layer insulation (RT-MLI), composed from a set of stacked insulating layers. The insulator is transparent to radio frequencies, but not transparent to infrared radiation. The basic idea for cooling is similar to conventional multi-layer insulation. It leads to a reduction in thermal radiation while maintaining a uniform surface temperature. The advantage of this technique over other filter types is that no thermal links are required. As insulator material, we used foamed polystyrene; its low index of refraction makes an anti-reflection coating unnecessary. We measured the basic performance of RT-MLI to confirm that thermal loads are lowered with more layers. We also confirmed that our RT-MLI has high transmittance to radiowaves, but blocks infrared radiation. For example, RT-MLI with 12 layers has a transmittance greater than 95% (lower than 1%) below 200 GHz (above 4 THz). We demonstrated its effects in a system with absorptive-type filters, where aperture diameters were 200 mm. Low temperatures were successfully maintained for the filters. We conclude that this technology significantly enhances the cooling of radiowave receivers, and is particularly suitable for large-aperture systems. This technology is expected to be applicable to various fields, including radio astronomy, geo-environmental assessment, and radar systems.
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