纳米等离子体的非定域形式：唯象和半经典考虑
Nonlocal formalism for nanoplasmonics: phenomenological and semi-classical considerations
摘要：
在探索真正的纳米尺度时，金属纳米结构的等离子体激元响应预计将表现出电子气的非局部动力学。我们扩展的本地响应近似（基于欧姆定律），以考虑一般的短程非本地响应的均匀电子气。在没有详细说明基本物理机制的情况下，我们展示了这如何导致电磁波方程中的拉普拉斯修正项。在流体动力学模型中，我们明确地证明了这一点，我们确定的特征非局部范围是vF/ω，其中vF是费米速度和ω是光学角频率。对于贵金属，当特征器件尺寸接近~1-10 nm时，这给出了显著的校正，而在更宏观的长度尺度下，等离子体现象很好地被局部Drude响应所解释。
英文摘要：
The plasmon response of metallic nanostructures is anticipated to exhibit nonlocal dynamics of the electron gas when exploring the true nanoscale. We extend the local-response approximation (based on Ohm's law) to account for a general short-range nonlocal response of the homogeneous electron gas. Without specifying further details of the underlying physical mechanism we show how this leads to a Laplacian correction term in the electromagnetic wave equation. Within the hydrodynamic model we demonstrate this explicitly and we identify the characteristic nonlocal range to be vF/omega where vF is the Fermi velocity and omega is the optical angular frequency. For noble metals this gives significant corrections when characteristic device dimensions approach ~1-10 nm, whereas at more macroscopic length scales plasmonic phenomena are well accounted for by the local Drude response.
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