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arXiv 1306.3960astro-ph.HE
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与短硬GRB 130603 B相关的r-过程Kilonova

An r-Process Kilonova Associated with the Short-Hard GRB 130603B

E. Berger, W. Fong, R. Chornock

摘要:

我们提出了基于地面的光学和哈勃空间望远镜的光学和近红外观测的短硬GRB 130603 B在z=0.356,这表明存在过量的近红外发射匹配的预期亮度和颜色的r-过程供电的瞬态(“kilonova”)。在爆发后8-32小时,余辉迅速衰减,α <-2.6,光谱指数β =-1.5(F_nu t^alpha*nu^beta),导致在第一次HST观测时的预期近红外亮度为m(F160 W)>29.3 AB等。相反,检测到的源具有m(F160 W)=25.8+/-0.2 AB等,对应于静止坐标系绝对星等M(J)=-15.2等,HST光学观测的上限是m(F606 W)>27.7 AB等(3-sigma),这表明V-H>1.9 mag.的异常红色。将观测到的近红外光度与NS-100合并喷出物产生的千新星理论模型进行比较,NS或NS-BH双星,当v_ej=0.1-0.3c时,我们推断出M_ej ~0.03-0.08 Msun。推断的质量符合数值合并模拟的预期。千诺瓦的存在提供了迄今为止最有力的证据,短伽玛暴是由紧凑型物体合并产生的,并提供了初步的了解喷射的质量和紧凑型物体合并可能在r过程中发挥的主要作用。同样重要的是,它证明了高级LIGO/Virgo探测到的引力波源将伴随着具有异常红色的光学/近红外对应物,可被现有和即将到来的大型宽场设施探测到(例如,Pan-STARRS、DECam、Subaru、LSST)。

英文摘要:

We present ground-based optical and Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-IR observations of the short-hard GRB130603B at z=0.356, which demonstrate the presence of excess near-IR emission matching the expected brightness and color of an r-process powered transient (a "kilonova"). The early afterglow fades rapidly with alpha<-2.6 at t~8-32 hr post-burst and has a spectral index of beta=-1.5 (F_nu t^alpha*nu^beta), leading to an expected near-IR brightness at the time of the first HST observation of m(F160W)>29.3 AB mag. Instead, the detected source has m(F160W)=25.8+/-0.2 AB mag, corresponding to a rest-frame absolute magnitude of M(J)=-15.2 mag. The upper limit in the HST optical observations is m(F606W)>27.7 AB mag (3-sigma), indicating an unusually red color of V-H>1.9 mag. Comparing the observed near-IR luminosity to theoretical models of kilonovae produced by ejecta from the merger of an NS-NS or NS-BH binary, we infer an ejecta mass of M_ej~0.03-0.08 Msun for v_ej=0.1-0.3c. The inferred mass matches the expectations from numerical merger simulations. The presence of a kilonova provides the strongest evidence to date that short GRBs are produced by compact object mergers, and provides initial insight on the ejected mass and the primary role that compact object merger may play in the r-process. Equally important, it demonstrates that gravitational wave sources detected by Advanced LIGO/Virgo will be accompanied by optical/near-IR counterparts with unusually red colors, detectable by existing and upcoming large wide-field facilities (e.g., Pan-STARRS, DECam, Subaru, LSST).

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