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arXiv 1306.3949astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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GRB 130606 A作为大爆炸后第一个回旋区星系际介质和成星星系中星际介质的探测器

GRB 130606A as a Probe of the Intergalactic Medium and the Interstellar Medium in a Star-forming Galaxy in the First Gyr After the Big Bang

Ryan Chornock, Edo Berger, Derek B. Fox, Ragnhild Lunnan, Maria R. Drout, Wen-fai Fong, Tanmoy Laskar, Katherine C. Roth

摘要:

我们提出了高信噪比Gemini和MMT光谱的光学余辉的伽马射线暴(GRB)130606 A在红移z=5.913,发现斯威夫特。这是第一个具有与z~6类星体相当的光谱质量的高红移伽玛暴余辉。这些数据在近红外波长处呈现出平滑的连续谱,由于在红移z~5.91处Ly-alpha的吸收,在8410 Angs的蓝色方向被急剧截断,其中一些通量在7000-7800 Angs之间通过Ly-alpha森林传输。我们使用从金属吸收线推断的柱密度将宿主星系的金属丰度限制在[Si/H]>-1.7的下限和[S/H]<-0.5的上限之间,这是由未检测到S II吸收而设定的。我们证明了在红移范围z=4.9至5.85的光谱中看到的Ly-alpha透射率的戏剧性演变与先前从高红移类星体观测中测得的一致性。在z=5.77的Ly-alpha森林中,存在一个扩展的红移间隔Δ z =0.12,没有检测到透射,导致平均Ly-alpha透射分数的3-sigma上限<0.2%(或tau_eff(Ly-alpha)> 6.4)。这与类星体光谱中发现的最低红移冈恩-彼得森槽相当。我们设定了一个2-sigma上限为0.11的中性分数的IGM在红移的伽玛暴从一个Ly-alpha红色阻尼翼的缺乏,假设一个模型与一个恒定的中性密度。在这个红移窗口中检测到一些Ly-beta和Ly-gamma透射,表明它不是完全不透明的,因此IGM在这些红移下大部分都是电离的。因此,GRB 130606 A首次实现了GRB作为第一个星系和宇宙再电离探测器的承诺。

英文摘要:

We present high signal-to-noise ratio Gemini and MMT spectroscopy of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130606A at redshift z=5.913, discovered by Swift. This is the first high-redshift GRB afterglow to have spectra of comparable quality to those of z~6 quasars. The data exhibit a smooth continuum at near-infrared wavelengths that is sharply cut off blueward of 8410 Angs due to absorption from Ly-alpha at redshift z~5.91, with some flux transmitted through the Ly-alpha forest between 7000-7800 Angs. We use column densities inferred from metal absorption lines to constrain the metallicity of the host galaxy between a lower limit of [Si/H]>-1.7 and an upper limit of [S/H]<-0.5 set by the non-detection of S II absorption. We demonstrate consistency between the dramatic evolution in the transmission fraction of Ly-alpha seen in this spectrum over the redshift range z=4.9 to 5.85 with that previously measured from observations of high-redshift quasars. There is an extended redshift interval of Delta-z=0.12 in the Ly-alpha forest at z=5.77 with no detected transmission, leading to a 3-sigma upper limit on the mean Ly-alpha transmission fraction of <0.2% (or tau_eff(Ly-alpha) > 6.4). This is comparable to the lowest-redshift Gunn-Peterson troughs found in quasar spectra. We set a 2-sigma upper limit of 0.11 on the neutral fraction of the IGM at the redshift of the GRB from the lack of a Ly-alpha red damping wing, assuming a model with a constant neutral density. Some Ly-beta and Ly-gamma transmission is detected in this redshift window, indicating that it is not completely opaque, and hence that the IGM is nonetheless mostly ionized at these redshifts. GRB 130606A thus for the first time realizes the promise of GRBs as probes of the first galaxies and cosmic reionization.

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