空间位移消噪引力波探测器的八面体构型
Octahedron configuration for a displacement noise-cancelling gravitational wave detector in space
摘要：
我们第一次研究了一个三维八面体星座的天基引力波探测器，我们称之为八面体引力天文台（OGO）。有了六个航天器，星座就能够消除激光频率噪声和引力波信号中的加速度干扰，而不需要像LISA那样的无阻力控制，从而简化了有效载荷，对推进器的要求也不那么严格。我们推广LISA的时间延迟干涉测量位移噪声免费干涉测量（DFI）通过推导出一组发电机的数据流，消除激光和加速度噪声的组合。然而，三维构型使轨道选择变得复杂。到目前为止，只有拉格朗日点L1附近的晕轨道被发现是足够稳定的，这只允许短臂高达1400公里。我们推导出OGO的灵敏度曲线与此臂长，导致在100 Hz附近的峰值灵敏度约为$2\times10^{-23}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$。我们比较这个版本的OGO到目前这一代的地面探测器和一些未来的探测器。我们还研究了这样一个探测器的科学潜力，其中包括观察引力波从紧凑的二元聚结，随机背景和散射，以及可能性，以测试替代理论的重力。我们发现这个短臂长探测器的性能水平平庸，初始和先进的地面探测器之间。因此，实际建造这种特定配置的天基探测器似乎效率不高。然而，当可以找到允许更长探测器臂的替代轨道时，可以使用本文中演示的八面体配置和DFI解决方案来构建具有更高科学输出的探测器。（节略）
英文摘要：
We study for the first time a three-dimensional octahedron constellation for a space-based gravitational wave detector, which we call the Octahedral Gravitational Observatory (OGO). With six spacecraft the constellation is able to remove laser frequency noise and acceleration disturbances from the gravitational wave signal without needing LISA-like drag-free control, thereby simplifying the payloads and placing less stringent demands on the thrusters. We generalize LISA's time-delay interferometry to displacement-noise free interferometry (DFI) by deriving a set of generators for those combinations of the data streams that cancel laser and acceleration noise. However, the three-dimensional configuration makes orbit selection complicated. So far, only a halo orbit near the Lagrangian point L1 has been found to be stable enough, and this allows only short arms up to 1400 km. We derive the sensitivity curve of OGO with this arm length, resulting in a peak sensitivity of about $2\times10^{-23}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ near 100 Hz. We compare this version of OGO to the present generation of ground-based detectors and to some future detectors. We also investigate the scientific potentials of such a detector, which include observing gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the stochastic background and pulsars as well as the possibility to test alternative theories of gravity. We find a mediocre performance level for this short-arm-length detector, between those of initial and advanced ground-based detectors. Thus, actually building a space-based detector of this specific configuration does not seem very efficient. However, when alternative orbits that allow for longer detector arms can be found, a detector with much improved science output could be constructed using the octahedron configuration and DFI solutions demonstrated in this paper. (abridged)
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