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arXiv 1306.3532cs.RO
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快速行进树:一种基于快速行进采样的多维最优运动规划方法

Fast Marching Tree: a Fast Marching Sampling-Based Method for Optimal Motion Planning in Many Dimensions

Stanford University(斯坦福大学)

Lucas Janson, Edward Schmerling, Ashley Clark, Marco Pavone

摘要:

在本文中,我们提出了一种新的概率采样为基础的运动规划算法称为快速行军树算法(FMT*)。该算法是专门针对解决复杂的运动规划问题,在高维配置空间。该算法被证明是渐近最优的,收敛到最优解的速度比其国家的最先进的同行,主要是PRM* 和RRT*。FMT* 算法对预定数量的概率抽取样本执行“惰性”动态规划递归,以生成路径树,该路径树在到达成本空间中稳定地向外移动。与以前基于几乎必然收敛概念的分析方法不同,FMT* 算法在概率收敛概念下进行了分析:这种方法的额外数学灵活性允许收敛速度界限--这是基于最佳采样的运动规划领域的第一个。具体地说,对于一定的调谐参数和配置空间的选择,我们得到了一个收敛速度界的顺序$O(n^{-1/d+ρ})$,其中$n$是采样点的数量,$d$是配置空间的维数,和$ρ$是一个任意小的常数。我们继续证明渐近最优性的一些变化FMT*,即当配置空间是非均匀采样时,当成本不是弧长,当连接的基础上最近的邻居,而不是一个固定的连接半径的数量。一系列维度和障碍物配置的数值实验证实了我们的理论和启发式论点,表明对于给定的执行时间,FMT* 返回的解决方案比PRM* 或RRT* 好得多,特别是在高维配置空间和场景中碰撞检查成本高昂。

英文摘要:

In this paper we present a novel probabilistic sampling-based motion planning algorithm called the Fast Marching Tree algorithm (FMT*). The algorithm is specifically aimed at solving complex motion planning problems in high-dimensional configuration spaces. This algorithm is proven to be asymptotically optimal and is shown to converge to an optimal solution faster than its state-of-the-art counterparts, chiefly PRM* and RRT*. The FMT* algorithm performs a "lazy" dynamic programming recursion on a predetermined number of probabilistically-drawn samples to grow a tree of paths, which moves steadily outward in cost-to-arrive space. As a departure from previous analysis approaches that are based on the notion of almost sure convergence, the FMT* algorithm is analyzed under the notion of convergence in probability: the extra mathematical flexibility of this approach allows for convergence rate bounds--the first in the field of optimal sampling-based motion planning. Specifically, for a certain selection of tuning parameters and configuration spaces, we obtain a convergence rate bound of order $O(n^{-1/d+ρ})$, where $n$ is the number of sampled points, $d$ is the dimension of the configuration space, and $ρ$ is an arbitrarily small constant. We go on to demonstrate asymptotic optimality for a number of variations on FMT*, namely when the configuration space is sampled non-uniformly, when the cost is not arc length, and when connections are made based on the number of nearest neighbors instead of a fixed connection radius. Numerical experiments over a range of dimensions and obstacle configurations confirm our theoretical and heuristic arguments by showing that FMT*, for a given execution time, returns substantially better solutions than either PRM* or RRT*, especially in high-dimensional configuration spaces and in scenarios where collision-checking is expensive.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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