建造星系，恒星，行星和恒星间生命的成分。欧洲紫外线-可见光观测台（EUVO）的科学建议
Building galaxies, stars, planets and the ingredients for life between the stars. A scientific proposal for a European Ultraviolet-Visible Observatory (EUVO)
摘要：
宇宙中发光结构和生命基石的增长始于原始气体在恒星中加工并在星系尺度上混合。导致这种发展的机制还没有得到很好的理解，并且在130亿年的时间里发生了变化。为了跟踪宇宙时间内物质的演化，有必要研究宇宙中最丰富物种的最强（共振）跃迁。其中大多数是在紫外线（UV; 950 A-3000 A）光谱范围内，从地面上无法观察到。一个多功能的空间天文台，其紫外线灵敏度比现有设施高50-100倍，将彻底改变我们对宇宙的理解。可居住的行星在紫外线照射下生长在原恒星盘中，这是恒星与盘相互作用的副产品，驱动盘和年轻行星系统的物理和化学演化。最丰富的分子的电子跃迁由紫外线场泵浦，提供了无法从地面访问的行星形成环境的独特诊断。地球大气层与行星际介质和太阳紫外线辐射场不断相互作用。灵敏度提高50-100倍，将能够观测类地系外行星的关键大气成分（碳、氧、臭氧），为太阳系外生物活跃世界的模型提供关键投入，并为了解地球大气提供现象学基线。在本白皮书中，我们概述了这样一个设施将成为可能的关键科学，并概述了要实施的仪器。
英文摘要：
The growth of luminous structures and the building blocks of life in the Universe began as primordial gas was processed in stars and mixed at galactic scales. The mechanisms responsible for this development are not well understood and have changed over the intervening 13 billion years. To follow the evolution of matter over cosmic time, it is necessary to study the strongest (resonance) transitions of the most abundant species in the Universe. Most of them are in the ultraviolet (UV; 950A-3000A) spectral range that is unobservable from the ground. A versatile space observatory with UV sensitivity a factor of 50-100 greater than existing facilities will revolutionize our understanding of the Universe. Habitable planets grow in protostellar discs under ultraviolet irradiation, a by-product of the star-disk interaction that drives the physical and chemical evolution of discs and young planetary systems. The electronic transitions of the most abundant molecules are pumped by the UV field, providing unique diagnostics of the planet-forming environment that cannot be accessed from the ground. Earth's atmosphere is in constant interaction with the interplanetary medium and the solar UV radiation field. A 50-100 times improvement in sensitivity would enable the observation of the key atmospheric ingredients of Earth-like exoplanets (carbon, oxygen, ozone), provide crucial input for models of biologically active worlds outside the solar system, and provide the phenomenological baseline to understand the Earth atmosphere in context. In this white paper, we outline the key science that such a facility would make possible and outline the instrumentation to be implemented.
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