核电厂碘空气过滤器中分散性煤尘小颗粒和受迫声共振条件下吸附的放射性化学元素的分布
Distribution of small dispersive coal dust particles and absorbed radioactive chemical elements in conditions of forced acoustic resonance in iodine air filter at nuclear power plant
摘要：
研究了在强粉尘气溶胶流通过碘空气过滤器（IAF）的情况下，圆柱形煤颗粒滤料吸收器中分散性小煤尘粒子和吸附的放射性化学元素及其同位素的物理分布特征。结果表明，在一定的气动条件下，在IAF中，声振荡的产生是可能的。发现声振荡的产生导致IAF中气压（密度）的驻声波的出现。结果表明，在强气流作用下，声波驻波对两种情况都有很大的影响：1）分散性煤尘小颗粒在IAF中的运动和聚集动力学;（2）柱状煤颗粒被区域内吸附的放射性化学元素及其同位素过饱和，声波的波腹位于该位置。最后，对IAF中放射性化学元素及其同位素分布物理过程的实验空气动力学模拟和IAF中放射性化学元素及其同位素分布的γ-活化能谱分析进行了理论计算和实验结果的对比分析。我们提出了必要的技术修改的创新建议，目的是改善IAF的技术特性，并增加其在核电厂（NPP）的运行时间，从完成IAF参数在长期运行的精确表征。
英文摘要：
The physical features of distribution of the small dispersive coal dust particles and the adsorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes in the absorber with the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal granules were researched in the case of the intensive air dust aerosol stream flow through the iodine air filter (IAF). It was shown that, at the certain aerodynamic conditions in the IAF, the generation of the acoustic oscillations is possible. It was found that the acoustic oscillations generation results in an appearance of the standing acoustic waves of the air pressure (density) in the IAF. In the case of the intensive blow of the air dust aerosol, it was demonstrated that the standing acoustic waves have some strong influences on both: 1) the dynamics of small dispersive coal dust particles movement and their accumulation in the IAF; 2) the oversaturation of the cylindrical coal granules by the adsorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes in the regions, where the antinodes of the acoustic waves are positioned. Finally, we completed the comparative analysis of the theoretical calculations with the experimental results, obtained for the cases of: 1) the experimental aerodynamic modeling of physical processes of the absorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes distribution in the IAF; and 2) the gamma-activation spectroscopy analysis of the absorbed radioactive chemical elements and their isotopes distribution in the IAF. We made the innovative propositions on the necessary technical modifications with the purpose to improve the IAF technical characteristics and increase its operational time at the nuclear power plant (NPP), going from the completed precise characterization of the IAF parameters at the long term operation.
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