Classical and quantum world views differ in peculiar ways. Understanding decisive quantum features -- for which no classical explanation exist -- and their interrelations is of foundational interest. Moreover, recognizing non-classical features carries practical significance in information processing tasks as it offers insights as to why quantum protocols work better than their classical counterparts. We focus here on two celebrated notions of non-classicality viz., negativity of P phase-space representation and entanglement in symmetric multiqubit systems. We prove that they imply each other.
Quasiprobability Based Criterion for Classicality and Separability of States of Spin-1/2 Particles
自旋为1/2的粒子系统(自旋为1/2s)的量子态允许局域隐变量(LHV)描述(即经典)的充分条件是表征其态的密度矩阵的可分离性,但不是所有的经典态都是可分离的。这导致一个推断,可分性和古典性是两个不同的概念。这些概念在这里审查的标准的框架内确定的经典的自旋1/2系统的基础上的概念的联合准概率(JQP)的自旋组件的本征值。如果在适当选择的三个或两个正交方向上的自旋分量的本征值的适当定义的JQP是非负的,则所述标准将状态识别为经典的。与其他方法一致,基于JQP的判据导致两个自旋为1/2的不可因式分解纯态都是非经典的。此外,该判据的有效性通过将其预测与应用于两个自旋1/2s的混合态和三个自旋1/2s的Werner类态时的其他方法得到的预测进行比较来证实(G.Toth and A.Acin,Phys.Rev. A74,030306(R)(2006))。基于JQP的方法,制定为它是沿着P-函数方法识别电磁场的经典状态的路线,提供了一个统一的方法,为系统的任意数量的自旋-1/2s和连接的经典性与测量过程的性质的可能性。
We show that any multi-qudit entanglement witness leads to a non-separability indicator for quantum optical fields, which involves intensity correlations. We get, e.g., necessary and sufficient conditions for intensity or intensity-rate correlations to reveal polarization entanglement. We also derive separability conditions for experiments involving multiport interferometers, now feasible with integrated optics. We show advantages of using intensity rates rather than intensities, e.g., a mapping of Bell inequalities to ones for optical fields. The results have implication for studies of non-cl…
Starting from arbitrary sets of quantum states and measurements, referred to as the prepare-and-measure scenario, an operationally noncontextual ontological model of the quantum statistics associated with the prepare-and-measure scenario is constructed. The operationally noncontextual ontological model coincides with standard Spekkens noncontextual ontological models for tomographically complete scenarios, while covering the non-tomographically complete case with a new notion of a reduced space, which we motivate following the guiding principles of noncontextuality. A mathematical criterion, c…