Flat space models with multiply connected topology, which have compact dimensions, are tested against the distribution of high-redshift ($z \geq 4$) quasars of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). When the compact dimensions are smaller in size than the observed universe, topological lensing occurs, in which multiple images of single objects (ghost images) are observed. We improve on the recently introduced method to identify ghost images by means of four-point statistics. Our method is valid for any of the 17 multiply connected flat models, including nontoroial ones that are compactified by screw motions or glide reflection. Applying the method to the data revealed one possible case of topological lensing caused by sixth-turn screw motion, however, it is consistent with the simply connected model by this test alone. Moreover, simulations suggest that we cannot exclude the other space models despite the absence of their signatures. This uncertainty mainly originates from the patchy coverage of SDSS in the South Galactic cap, and the situation will be improved by future wide-field spectroscopic surveys.
The Sloan Bright Arcs Survey: Ten Strong Gravitational Lensing Clusters and Evidence of Overconcentration
我们描述了在斯隆数字巡天中发现的十个红移为0.26-0.56的强透镜星系团。我们目前的测量的丰富度,质量和速度分散的集群。我们发现,为了使用Johnston et al.(2007)的质量-丰度关系,该关系是在平均红移为0.25时建立的,有必要将测量的丰度值提高1.47。我们还提出了测量的爱因斯坦半径,质量和速度色散的透镜系统。爱因斯坦半径都相对较小,在5.4-13角秒之间。最后,我们考虑是否有证据表明我们的星团比标准宇宙学预测的更集中。我们发现,我们的集群中有六个没有表现出过度集中的证据,而我们的集群中有四个。我们注意到过度集中和质量之间的相关性,因为显示过度集中证据的四个集群都是较低质量的集群。
The Pittsburgh Sloan Digital Sky Survey MgII Quasar Absorption-Line Survey Catalog
我们提出了一个红移区间为0.36 <= z <= 2.28的镁II类星体吸收线系统的目录。该星表由斯隆数字巡天数据发布4(SDSS DR 4)类星体光谱构建。目前,该目录包含> 17,000个测量的MgII双峰。我们还提供了用于构建目录的~ 44,600个类星体光谱的数据,包括红移和星等信息,连续归一化光谱,以及在我们的置信阈值下可检测到的红移相关最小静止等效宽度的相应阵列。该目录可在网上查阅。仔细的第二次搜索的500个随机光谱表明,每100个光谱搜索,大约一个显着的MgII系统被意外拒绝。目前的计划,扩大目录以外的DR 4类星体进行了讨论。已知许多MgII吸收体与星系有关。因此,结合大尺寸和充分理解的统计数据,使这个目录的理想精密研究的低电离和中性气体区域与星系在低到中等红移。使用该目录的MgII吸收剂的统计分析将在随后的论文中提出。
Direct Minkowski Functional analysis of large redshift surveys: a new high--speed code tested on the luminous red galaxy Sloan Digital Sky Survey-DR7 catalogue
Golden gravitational lensing systems from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. I. SDSS J1538+5817: one lens for two sources
我们提出了一个特殊的系统SDSS J1538+5817的透镜和测光研究,确定的SLACS调查。透镜是一个明亮的椭圆,红移z=0.143。使用两种不同的过滤器中的HST公共图像,两个背景源透镜到爱因斯坦环和双系统的存在被确定。我们在NOT进行的新光谱观测表明,这两个源位于相同的红移z=0.531。我们调查的总质量分布的透镜之间的1和4千秒差距的星系中心的参数和非参数透镜编码,描述的多个图像的点状物体。几种不同的透镜模型一致认为:(1)精确地再现了观察到的图像位置;(2)预测了一个接近轴对称的总质量分布,其中心和方向与光分布相同;(3)测量出在2.5 kpc的爱因斯坦半径内投影的总质量的值为8.11 x 10^{10} M_{Sun};(4)估计总质量密度分布比等温分布稍陡。将SDSS测光与CSP模型进行拟合,得出星系的恒星总质量为20 x 10^{10} M_{Sun},爱因斯坦半径内的总质量中投射光的比例为0.9。通过结合透镜和光度质量测量,我们区分透镜的质量含量的发光和暗物质组件。这种双组分模型,这是可行的,只有在特殊的系统,如SDSS J1538+5817,导致描述的星系暗物质晕的全球性质。将这些结果推广到更大数量的透镜将大大提高我们对LCDM情景中星系形成和演化过程的理解。
4098 galaxy clusters to z~0.6 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey equatorial Stripe 82
我们提出了一个星表的4098光度选择的星系团的中值红移<z>= 0.32在270平方度的“条纹82”的区域的斯隆数字巡天(SDSS),覆盖天球赤道南银河帽(-50 < RA < 59度,|Dec| < 1.25度)。由于该区域的多历元SDSS覆盖,ugriz测光比主要SDSS足迹内的单次扫描深约2个星等。我们利用这一点来检测星系团使用的算法,搜索统计上显着overdensities的星系在Voronoi镶嵌的投影天空。32%的星团至少有一个成员的光谱红移来自现有的公开数据(SDSS Data Release 7,2SLAQ & WiggleZ),其余的具有稳健的光度红移(在样本的中值红移处精确到约5-9%)。成员星系红移的加权平均值提供了一个相当准确的星系团红移的估计。集群目录是公开的,可供社区利用,以追求一系列科学目标。除了星团目录,我们还提供了一个18,295 V<21等类星体视线的链接目录,其碰撞参量在<3 Mpc的星团核心内,这些星团核心选自Veron等人(2010)的目录。背景类星体覆盖0.25 < z < 2,其中与团簇相关的MgII吸收线系统在光谱中是可检测的。
A catalog of 132,684 clusters of galaxies identified from Sloan Digital Sky Survey III
利用Sloan Digital Sky Survey III(SDSS-III)的星系光度红移,我们识别出了132,684个红移范围为0.05<z <0.8. Monte Carlo simulations show that the false detection rate is less than 6% for the whole sample. The completeness is more than 95% for clusters with a mass of M_{200} >1.0*10^{14}的星系团,其中M_{\odot}的红移范围为0.05<z<0.42,而z>0.42的星系团由于成员星系的不完整性,其完整度和丰富度都比真实星系团小。我们将我们的样本与其他聚类样本进行比较,发现超过90%的先前已知的0.05<z<0.42的丰富聚类与我们样本中的聚类相匹配。更富的星系团往往有更明亮的最亮星系团(BCGs)。结合X射线和Planck数据,我们发现星系团的丰度与X射线光度、温度和Sunyaev-Zel'dovich测量密切相关。与SDSS亮红星系(LRG)样本的比较表明,25%的LRG是我们星系团的BCG,36%的LRG是星系团成员星系。在我们的聚类样本中,63%的r_{petro} <19.5的BCG满足SDSS LRG…
We present a catalog of continuum and emission line properties for 750,414 broad-line quasars included in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 quasar catalog (DR16Q), measured from optical spectroscopy. These quasars cover broad ranges in redshift ($0.1\lesssim z\lesssim 6$) and luminosity ($44\lesssim \log (L_{\rm bol}/{\rm erg\,s^{-1}})\lesssim 48$), and probe lower luminosities than an earlier compilation of SDSS DR7 quasars. Derived physical quantities such as single-epoch virial black hole masses and bolometric luminosities are also included in this catalog. We present improved sy…
A Robust Distance Measurement and Dark Energy Constraints from the Spherically-Averaged Correlation Function of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Luminous Red Galaxies
We measure the effective distance to z=0.35, D_V(0.35), from the overall shape of the spherically-averaged two-point correlation function of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample. We find D_V(0.35)=1428_{-73}^{+74} without assuming a dark energy model or a flat Universe. We find that the derived measurement of r_s(z_d)/D_V(0.35)=0.1143 \pm 0.0030 (the ratio of the sound horizon at the drag epoch to the effective distance to z=0.35) is more tightly constrained and more robust with respect to possible systematic effects. It is also nearly uncor…
The Size, Shape and Orientation of Cosmological Voids in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
我们提出了一个详细的描述,我们的空洞发现算法,这是一个由Hoyle和Vogeley(2002)的处方的扩展。我们包括一个讨论的算法的再现性和鲁棒性,以及检测到的空隙的统计意义。我们将我们的空洞发现者应用于斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)的数据发布5(DR5),并确定了232个宇宙学空洞。将创建包含检测到的空隙的最显著属性的空隙目录。我们提出了一个我们确定的宇宙学空洞的大小,形状和方向的分布的统计分析。我们还研究了红移为0.04 < z < 0.16的可能趋势。我们比较我们的结果,从一个相同的分析模拟目录的基础上的LambdaCDM模型,并找到合理的协议。然而,宇宙学空洞的总体方向存在一些统计学上的显著差异,需要通过进一步改进模拟来加以调和。
We cross-correlate the positions of damped Lyman-$α$ systems (DLAs) and their parent quasar catalog with a convergence map derived from the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature data. We make consistent measurements of the lensing signal of both samples in both Fourier and configuration space. By interpreting the excess signal present in the DLA catalog with respect to the parent quasar catalog as caused by the large scale structure traced by DLAs, we are able to infer the bias of these objects: $b_{\rm DLA}=2.6\pm0.9$. These results are consistent with previous measurements mad…
Towards precision cosmology with Void x CMB correlations (II): Impact of mock catalogs on the Void x CMB lensing signal
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉戈纳大学);MTA–CSFK Lendület “Momentum” Large-Scale Structure (LSS) Research Group(匈牙利科学院-塞格德大学“动量”大尺度结构研究组);Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences(孔科利天文台,匈牙利研究与创新网络地球与天文学研究中心);CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3(地中海粒子与核物理中心,艾克斯-马赛大学,法国国家科学研究中心/法国国家核与粒子物理研究所);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院)
研究通过分析模拟目录对Void x CMB引力透镜信号的影响,探讨了未来宇宙学约束的潜力,发现该信号对模拟目录的依赖性较低,预计罗马任务结合现有和未来CMB观测将显著提高信号噪声比。
UNIONS-3500 Weak Lensing: I. A Galaxy Shape Catalogue in the Northern Sky
Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);Université Paris Cité(巴黎西岱大学);CEA(法国原子能和替代能源委员会);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台天文学系);Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste(的里雅斯特大学物理系天文学分部);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台);IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe(宇宙基础物理研究所);Department of Physics, McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学麦威廉斯宇宙学与天体物理学中心物理系);Aix-Marseille Université(艾克斯-马赛大学);Ruhr University Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学)
We present weak lensing mass estimates for a sample of 458 galaxy clusters from the redMaPPer Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 catalogue using Hyper Suprime-Cam weak lensing data. We develop a method to quickly estimate cluster masses from weak lensing shear and use this method to estimate weak lensing masses for each of the galaxy clusters in our sample. Subsequently, we constrain the mass-richness relation as well as the intrinsic scatter between the cluster richness and the measured weak lensing masses. When calculating the mass-richness relation for all clusters with a richness $λ>20$, we find…
We present the Data Release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as quasars via a new automated procedure combined with a partial visual inspection of spectra, have luminosities $M_{\rm i} \left[ z=2 \right] < -20.5$ (in a $Λ$CDM cosmology with $H_0 = 70 \ {\rm km \ s^{-1} \ Mpc ^{-1}}$, $Ω_{\rm M} = 0.3$, and $Ω_{\rm Λ} = 0.7$), and either display at least one emissi…
A Precision Multi-Band Two-Epoch Photometric Catalog of 44 Million Sources in the Northern Sky from Combination of the USNO-B and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Catalogs
下一代宽视场光学和无线电测量的一个关键科学驱动力是对时变天空的探索。这些调查将具有前所未有的敏感性和覆盖面,但在比调查寿命更长的时间尺度上发现变化的能力将受到限制。我们提出了一个新的精度,多历元的光度计目录,跨越60年,结合USNO-B和SDSS数据发布9目录。我们重新校准了原始USNO-B星表的测光,并创建了一个星表,其中包含位于北天DR 9足迹中的43,647,887个光学点源的两个测光时期,最多可达5个不同波段。重新校准的对象跨越的幅度范围14 < m < 20,是准确的$\approx$ 0.1马格。我们最大限度地减少虚假的对象和那些不准确的幅度通过识别和删除几个来源的系统误差在两个起源目录,重点虚假的对象,表现出大的视星等变化。在考虑了这些影响之后,我们发现$\approx$ 250,000颗恒星和类星体在USNO-B和SDSS DR 9时期之间显示出显著的(> 4 $σ$)亮度变化。讨论了该星表的历史价值及其在长时标、大振幅变星和类星体研究中的应用。
We present a new catalogue of distances and peculiar velocities (PVs) of $34,059$ early-type galaxies derived from Fundamental Plane (FP) measurements using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This $7016\,\mathrm{deg}^{2}$ homogeneous sample comprises the largest set of peculiar velocities produced to date and extends the reach of PV surveys up to a redshift limit of $z=0.1$. Our SDSS-based FP distance measurements have a mean uncertainty of 23%. Alongside the data, we produce an ensemble of 2,048 mock galaxy catalogues that reproduce the data selection function, and are used to val…
Weak-Lensing Shear-Selected Galaxy Clusters from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program: I. Cluster Catalog, Selection Function and Mass--Observable Relation
We present a weak lensing cluster search using Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC survey) first-year data. We pay special attention to the dilution effect of cluster member and foreground galaxies on weak lensing signals from clusters of galaxies; we adopt the globally normalized weak lensing estimator which is least affected by cluster member galaxies, and we select source galaxies by using photometric redshift information to mitigate the effect of foreground galaxies. We produce six samples of source galaxies with different low-$z$ galaxy cuts, construct weak lensing mass maps f…
Effect of gravitational magnification on the measurement of distance modulus of type Ia supernovae is presented. We investigate a correlation between magnification and Hubble residual to explore how the magnification affects the estimation of cosmological parameters. We estimate magnification of type Ia supernovae in two distinct methods: one is based on convergence mass reconstruction under the weak lensing limit and the other is based on the direct measurement from galaxies distribution. Both magnification measurements are measured from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey catalogue. For both mea…
We present and characterise the galaxy shape catalogue from the first 3 years of Dark Energy Survey (DES) observations, over an effective area of ~4143 deg$^2$ of the southern sky. We describe our data analysis process and our self-calibrating shear measurement pipeline METACALIBRATION, which builds and improves upon the pipeline used in the DES Year 1 analysis in several aspects. The DES Year 3 weak-lensing shape catalogue consists of 100,204,026 galaxies, measured in the $riz$ bands, resulting in a weighted source number density of $n_{\rm eff} = 5.59$ gal/arcmin$ ^{2}$ and corresponding sha…
Photometric redshift requirements for lens galaxies in galaxy-galaxy lensing analyses
弱引力透镜是研究星系形成和宇宙学的重要工具。在这里,我们量化的影响,使用光度红移(photo-z)在星系星系透镜,无论是源和镜头,无论是直接的目标,使用星系与photo-z作为镜头在斯隆数字巡天(SDSS),并作为一个示范的方法,为大型,即将到来的弱透镜调查,将由必然的主导镜头样本与photo-z。我们计算了透镜质量校准中的偏差以及绝对幅度的结果(即,k-校正)和恒星质量的估计,SDSS数据发布8(DR 8)星系的大样本。在SDSS DR 8 ugriz光度计上用基于模板的光z代码ZEBRA获得红移。我们组装和校准样品(~ 9 k光谱红移从四个调查),以获得光度红移误差和透镜偏差对应于我们的完整的SDSS DR 8镜头和源目录。我们对校准样品的测试还突出了当光谱校准覆盖其足迹的一小部分时成像调查中观察条件的影响;校准场中的非典型成像条件可能导致关于完整调查的照片z的错误结论。对于SDSS DR 8星表,透镜星表和源星表的σ_z/(1+z)分别为0.096和0.113,通量极限分别为r=21和r=21.8。我们还探讨了系统的不确定性时,使用源photo-z的透镜信号校准,镜头和源photo-z;鉴于现有的训练样本的大小,我们可以限制透镜信号校准(因此归一化的表面质量密度)分别在2%和4%。[删节]
We present the final Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) quasar catalog from Data Release 16 of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). This catalog comprises the largest selection of spectroscopically confirmed quasars to date. The full catalog includes two sub-catalogs: a "superset" of all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects targeted as quasars containing 1,440,615 observations and a quasar-only catalog containing 750,414 quasars, including 225,082 new quasars appearing in an SDSS data release for the first time, as well as known quasars from SDSS-I/II/III. We present automated ide…
We investigate the discrepancy between the two-dimensional projected lensing mass and the dynam- ical mass for an ensemble of 97 strong gravitational lensing systems discovered by the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey, the BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey (BELLS), and the BELLS for GALaxy-Lyα EmitteR sYs- tems (BELLS GALLERY) Survey. We fit the lensing data to obtain the Einstein mass, and use the velocity dispersion of the lensing galaxies provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to get the projected dynamical mass within the Einstein radius by assuming the power-law mass approximation. The …
Lensing in the Blue III: Weak Lensing Shape Catalogs of 30 Merging Galaxy Clusters
Northeastern University(东北大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);New York University(纽约大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);Durham University(杜伦大学);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)
Cross-correlation of the 2XMMi catalogue with Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
XMM-牛顿卫星的测量科学中心于2008年8月发布了2XMM目录的第一个增量版本。2XMMi拥有超过220,000个X射线源,是当时出版的最大的X射线源目录,因此构成了研究活动星系核和恒星等各类X射线发射体高能特性的前所未有的资源。斯隆数字巡天第七版的出现提供了交叉匹配两个主要巡天的机会,并将许多2XMMi源的光谱能量分布扩展到光学波段。本文提出了一种基于经典似然比估计的交叉匹配算法。该方法的优点是提供真正的概率识别,而不诉诸蒙特卡罗模拟。超过30,000个2XMMi源具有SDSS对应物,其个体识别概率高于90%。使用光谱鉴定从SDSS DR 7目录补充提取从其他目录中,我们建立了一个识别的样本,从该样本中可以分析各种类别的X射线发射体在多维参数空间中的聚集方式。我们研究了两个科学用例。在第一个例子中,我们展示了如何使用这些多波长数据来搜索新的类星体2。虽然没有具体的范围内观察到的属性,让我们来确定康普顿厚类星体,我们表明,前景要好得多的康普顿薄AGN 2,并讨论了几种可能的多参数选择策略。在第二个例子中,我们在500多颗X射线活跃恒星的样本中确认了平均X射线光谱随着X射线亮度的增加而硬化,并揭示了平均而言,X射线活跃的M星显示出比不太活跃的恒星更蓝的$g-r$颜色指数(删节)。
Statistical properties of damped Lyman-alpha systems from Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR12
我们提出了阻尼莱曼- $α$吸收体(DLAs)的统计特性的新估计。我们计算了$z>2$处的列密度分布函数、线密度$\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}X$和中性氢密度$Ω_\mathrm{DLA}$。我们的估计来自加内特2016年的DLA目录,该目录使用SDSS-III DR 12类星体光谱调查。这个目录提供了一个给定的光谱包含DLA的概率,允许我们使用即使是最嘈杂的数据,而不会使我们的结果产生偏差,从而大大增加了我们的样本量。我们在$95\%$置信度下测量所有列密度$N_\mathrm{HI} < 5\times 10^{22}$ cm $^{-2}$的非零列密度分布函数。我们在$z>4$从$\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}X$和$Ω_\mathrm{DLA}$的SDSS进行了首次测量。我们发现,我们的结果是不敏感的光谱的信噪比,但有一个残留的依赖类星体红移$z<2.5$,这可能是由于在我们的分析中剩余的系统。