闪电前探测到的长持续时间伽马射线的硬化和终止
Hardening and termination of long-duration gamma rays detected prior to lightning
摘要：
我们报告的第一个观察3 $-$ 30兆电子伏的长期γ射线发射，突然终止闪电。2010年12月30日，在日本海沿岸地区进行的冬季雷暴云伽马射线观测（GROWTH）实验在冬季雷暴期间进行了伽马射线探测。伽马射线通量持续不到3分钟，不断硬化接近闪电发生。在3 $-$ 10 MeV能量下的硬化最为显著。在距实验场地5公里的闪电前不到800毫秒，伽马射线通量突然停止。此外，我们观察到3 $-$ 10 MeV伽马射线和那些$>$ 10 MeV伽马射线的持续时间有明显的差异，这表明$>$ 10 MeV伽马射线发射的面积比低能伽马射线的面积小得多。这项工作可能表明，发射长时间伽马射线的局部区域与遥远的区域相连，从而引发闪电。
英文摘要：
We report the first observation of 3$-$30 MeV prolonged gamma-ray emission that was abruptly terminated by lightning. The gamma-ray detection was made during winter thunderstorms on December 30, 2010 by the Gamma-Ray Observation of Winter THunderclouds (GROWTH) experiment carried out in a coastal area along the Sea of Japan. The gamma-ray flux lasted for less than 3 min, continuously hardening closer to the lightning occurrence. The hardening at energies of 3$-$10 MeV energies was most prominent. The gamma-ray flux abruptly ceased less than 800 ms before the lightning flash that occurred over 5 km away from the experimental site. In addition, we observed a clear difference in the duration of the 3$-$10 MeV gamma rays and those $>$10 MeV, suggesting that the area of $>$10 MeV gamma-ray emission is considerably smaller than that of the lower-energy gamma rays. This work may give a manifestation that a local region emitting prolonged gamma rays connects with a distant region to initiate lightning.
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