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arXiv 1306.1387physics.atom-ph
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微结构气室中弛豫时间和微波场强度的成像

Imaging of Relaxation Times and Microwave Field Strength in a Microfabricated Vapor Cell

Andrew Horsley, Guan-Xiang Du, Matthieu Pellaton, Christoph Affolderbach, Gaetano Mileti, Philipp Treutlein

发表信息：
A. Horsley et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 063407(2013)
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摘要：

我们提出了一种新的表征技术原子蒸气细胞，结合时域测量与吸收成像，以获得空间分辨的衰减时间，原子扩散和相干动力学的信息。该技术被用来制造一个5毫米直径，2毫米厚的微制造的Rb蒸气室，与N $_2$缓冲气体，放置在一个微波腔内。时域Franzen和Ramsey测量用于产生细胞中的群体（$T_1$）和相干性（$T_2$）寿命的高分辨率图像，而Rabi测量产生所施加的微波磁场的$σ_-$、$π$和$σ_+$分量的图像。对于90 $^{\circ}$ C的电池温度，发现穿过电池中心的$T_1$时间是大致均匀的$265\,μ$ s，而$T_2$时间在大约$350\,μ$ s处达到峰值。我们观察到“皮肤”的减少$T_1$和$T_2$倍周围的边缘的细胞由于Rb的去极化后，与硅细胞壁碰撞。我们的观察表明，这些碰撞是远离100 $\%$去极化，与早期的观察与钠和玻璃墙。微波磁场的图像揭示了最佳场均匀性的区域，从而揭示了相干性。我们的技术是有用的蒸汽细胞表征原子钟，原子传感器和量子信息实验。

英文摘要：

We present a new characterisation technique for atomic vapor cells, combining time-domain measurements with absorption imaging to obtain spatially resolved information on decay times, atomic diffusion and coherent dynamics. The technique is used to characterise a 5 mm diameter, 2 mm thick microfabricated Rb vapor cell, with N$_2$ buffer gas, placed inside a microwave cavity. Time-domain Franzen and Ramsey measurements are used to produce high-resolution images of the population ($T_1$) and coherence ($T_2$) lifetimes in the cell, while Rabi measurements yield images of the $σ_-$, $π$ and $σ_+$ components of the applied microwave magnetic field. For a cell temperature of 90$^{\circ}$C, the $T_1$ times across the cell centre are found to be a roughly uniform $265\,μ$s, while the $T_2$ times peak at around $350\,μ$s. We observe a `skin' of reduced $T_1$ and $T_2$ times around the edge of the cell due to the depolarisation of Rb after collisions with the silicon cell walls. Our observations suggest that these collisions are far from being 100$\%$ depolarising, consistent with earlier observations made with Na and glass walls. Images of the microwave magnetic field reveal regions of optimal field homogeneity, and thus coherence. Our technique is useful for vapor cell characterisation in atomic clocks, atomic sensors, and quantum information experiments.

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