量子化磁场中二维电子气的储层模型
Reservoir model for two-dimensional electron gases in quantizing magnetic fields: a review
摘要：
我们收集和审查的作品，治疗二维电子气量子阱（主要是GaAs/GaAlAs异质结构）中的量子磁场的存在下，作为开放系统与外部水库接触。如果一个库足够大，它将费米能级固定在一定的能量上。结果，在变化的外部磁场中，热力学平衡将迫使进出量子阱（QW）的电子密度振荡。这导致了一些物理现象，在磁输运，带间和带内磁光，磁化，磁等离子体色散等，特别是第一次提出的Baraff和Tsui，在量子阱的密度振荡和出导致高原在量子量子霍尔效应（IQHE）在实验中观察到的值。收集到的证据，特别是从磁光调查，使我们能够得出结论，事实上，在大多数GaAs/GaAlAs hetrostructures一个处理开放系统中的量子阱中的电子密度振荡的磁场变化。的密度振荡的关系，其他因素，如电子本地化，和它们的组合影响的量子输运在二维电子气体，进行了讨论。特别地，考虑了霍尔电阻率ρxy = B/Nec的经典公式的有效性。它的结论是，密度振荡是不足以被视为高原IQHE的唯一来源，虽然这样的说法有时已在过去和现在。尽管如此，我们的一般结论是，水库的方法应该包括在各种描述的二维电子气体在磁场的存在。本报告试图引用关于这一主题的所有相关文献。
英文摘要：
We collect and review works which treat two-dimensional electron gases in quantum wells (mostly GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures) in the presence of quantizing magnetic fields as open systems in contact with outside reservoirs. If a reservoir is sufficiently large, it pins the Fermi level to a certain energy. As a result, in a varying external magnetic field, the thermodynamic equilibrium will force oscillations of the electron density in and out of the quantum well (QW). This leads to a number of physical phenomena in magneto-transport, interband and intraband magneto-optics, magnetization, magneto-plasma dispersion, etc. In particular, as first proposed by Baraff and Tsui, the density oscillations in and out of QW lead to plateaus in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) at values observed in experiments. The gathered evidence, especially from magneto-optical investigations, allows us to conclude that, indeed, in most GaAs/GaAlAs hetrostructures one deals with open systems in which the electron density in QWs oscillates as the magnetic field varies. Relation of the density oscillations to other factors, such as electron localization, and their combined influence on the quantum transport in 2D electron gases, is discussed. In particular, a validity of the classical formula for the Hall resistivity ρxy = B/Nec is considered. It is concluded that the density oscillations are not sufficient to be regarded as the only source of plateaus in IQHE, although such claims have been sometimes made in the past and present. Still, our general conclusion is that the reservoir approach should be included in various descriptions of 2D electron gases in the present of a magnetic field. An attempt has been made to quote all the relevant literature on the subject.
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