修正Lorentz-Dirac方程缺陷的概念转移
A Conceptual Shift to Rectify a Defect in the Lorentz-Dirac Equation
摘要：
狄拉克（1938）在他对辐射电子的经典理论的分析中，注意到了三阶运动方程解的特征不稳定性。他说，改变自作用力的符号消除了失控的解决方案，并给出了“合理的行为”。狄拉克拒绝了这样的改变，并对初值问题的解进行了特别的修改，这与因果关系原理不一致。我们认为，他的理由拒绝改变的标志是无效的物理和数学的理由。概念上的转变是将物理粒子视为源粒子和能量动量的复合物，能量动量是通过其运动在其自身场中可逆地产生的。自场中可逆产生的能量被解释为动能，随之而来的变化导致狄拉克的符号变化。给出了新的运动方程及其线性化的几种精确解。对于轨道运动中的粒子，自作用力使所施加的力能够在自场中产生辐射和动能，这导致向外的螺旋运动。这个理论与所有公认的物理学原理是一致的，包括因果关系原理。
英文摘要：
In his analysis of the Classical Theory of Radiating Electrons, Dirac (1938) draws attention to the characteristic instability of solutions to the third order equation of motion. He remarks that changing the sign of the self-force eliminates the runaway solutions and gives `reasonable behaviour'. Dirac rejects such a change and proceeds with an ad hoc modification to the solutions of the initial value problem that is not consistent with the principle of causality. We argue that his reasons for rejecting the change of sign are invalid on both physical and mathematical grounds. The conceptual shift is to treat the physical particle as a composite of the source particle and the energy-momentum that is reversibly generated in its self-field by its motion. The reversibly generated energy in the self-field is interpreted as kinetic energy, and the changes that follow result in Dirac's change of sign. Several exact solutions to the new equation of motion and its linearisation are given. For a particle in orbital motion the self-force enables the applied force to generate radiation and kinetic energy in the self-field that results in an outward spiral motion. The theory is consistent with all well-established principles of physics, including the principle of causality.
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