Submillimeter ALMA Observations of the Dense Gas in the Low-Luminosity Type-1 Active Nucleus of NGC 1097
Takuma Izumi, Kotaro Kohno, Sergio Martín, Daniel Espada, Nanase Harada, Satoki Matsushita, Pei-Ying Hsieh, Jean L. Turner, David S. Meier, Eva Schinnerer, Masa… 展开作者
Takuma Izumi, Kotaro Kohno, Sergio Martín, Daniel Espada, Nanase Harada, Satoki Matsushita, Pei-Ying Hsieh, Jean L. Turner, David S. Meier, Eva Schinnerer, Masatoshi Imanishi, Yoichi Tamura, Max T. Curran, Akihiro Doi, Kambiz Fathi, Melanie Krips, Andreas A. Lundgren, Naomasa Nakai, Taku Nakajima, Michael W. Regan, Kartik Sheth, Shuro Takano, Akio Taniguchi, Yuichi Terashima, Tomoka Tosaki, Tommy Wiklind
We present the first 100 pc scale view of the dense molecular gas in the central ~ 1.3 kpc region of the type-1 Seyfert NGC 1097 traced by HCN (J=4-3) and HCO+ (J=4-3) lines afforded with ALMA band 7. This galaxy shows significant HCN enhancement with respect to HCO+ and CO in the low-J transitions, which seems to be a common characteristic in AGN environments. Using the ALMA data, we study the characteristics of the dense gas around this AGN and search for the mechanism of HCN enhancement. We find a high HCN (J=4-3) to HCO+ (J=4-3) line ratio in the nucleus. The upper limit of the brightness temperature ratio of HCN (v2=1^{1f}, J=4-3) to HCN (J=4-3) is 0.08, which indicates that IR pumping does not significantly affect the pure rotational population in this nucleus. We also find a higher HCN (J=4-3) to CS (J=7-6) line ratio in NGC 1097 than in starburst galaxies, which is more than 12.7 on the brightness temperature scale. Combined from similar observations from other galaxies, we tentatively suggest that this ratio appears to be higher in AGN-host galaxies than in pure starburst ones similar to the widely used HCN to HCO+ ratio. LTE and non-LTE modeling of the observed HCN and HCO+ lines using J=4-3 and 1-0 data from ALMA, and J=3-2 data from SMA, reveals a high HCN to HCO+ abundance ratio (5 < [HCN]/[HCO+] < 20: non-LTE analysis) in the nucleus, and that the high-J lines (J=4-3 and 3-2) are emitted from dense (10^{4.5} < n_H2 [/cc] < 10^6), hot (70 < Tkin [K] < 550) regions. Finally we propose that the high temperature chemistry is more plausible to explain the observed enhanced HCN emission in NGC 1097 than the pure gas phase PDR/XDR chemistry.
We present the statistics of faint submillimeter/millimeter galaxies (SMGs) and serendipitous detections of a submillimeter/millimeter line emitter (SLE) with no multi-wavelength continuum counterpart revealed by the deep ALMA observations. We identify faint SMGs with flux densities of 0.1-1.0 mJy in the deep Band 6 and Band 7 maps of 10 independent fields that reduce cosmic variance effects. The differential number counts at 1.2 mm are found to increase with decreasing flux density down to 0.1 mJy. Our number counts indicate that the faint (0.1-1.0 mJy, or SFR_IR ~ 30-300 Msun/yr) SMGs contri…
We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 850um continuum observations of the original Lyman-alpha Blob (LAB) in the SSA22 field at z=3.1 (SSA22-LAB01). The ALMA map resolves the previously identified submillimeter source into three components with total flux density S_850 = 1.68+/-0.06 mJy, corresponding to a star formation rate of ~150 M_sun/yr. The submillimeter sources are associated with several faint (m~27 mag) rest-frame ultraviolet sources identified in Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) clear filter imaging (~5850A). One of these companions is …
We present results from a deep 2'x3' (comoving scale of 3.7 Mpc x 5.5 Mpc at z=3) survey at 1.1 mm taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the SSA22 field. We observe the core region of a z = 3.09 protocluster, achieving a typical rms sensitivity of 60 micro-Jy/beam at a spatial resolution of 0".7. We detect 18 robust ALMA sources at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 5. Comparison between the ALMA map and a 1.1 mm map taken with the AzTEC camera on the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) indicates that three submillimeter sources discovered by the AzTE…
We introduce an ALMA band 3 spectroscopic survey, targeting the brightest submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the COSMOS field. Here we present the first results based on the 18 primary SMGs that have 870 $μ$m flux densities of $S_{870}=12.4-19.3$ mJy and are drawn from a parent sample of 260 ALMA-detected SMGs from the AS2COSMOS survey. We detect emission lines in 17 and determine their redshifts to be in the range of $z=2-5$ with a median of ${3.3\pm0.3}$. We confirm that SMGs with brighter $S_{870}$ are located at higher redshifts. The data additionally cover five fainter companion SMGs, and w…
We have detected the submillimeter-wave fine-structure transition (3P1-3P0) of 13C, [13C I], in the gaseous debris disk of 49 Ceti with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Recently, the [C I] 3P1-3P0 emission has been spatially resolved in this source with ALMA. In this dataset, the F=3/2-1/2 hyperfine component of [13C I], which is blue-shifted by 2.2 km/s from the normal species line, [C I], has been identified in the outer part of the 49 Ceti disk, thanks to the narrow velocity widths of the gas components. The [C I]/[13C I] line intensity ratio is found to be 12+-3, wh…
We report the source size distribution, as measured by ALMA millimetric continuum imaging, of a sample of 13 AzTEC-selected submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z_photo ~ 3-6. Their infrared luminosities and star-formation rates (SFR) are L_IR ~ 2-6 x 10^12 L_sun and ~ 200-600 M_sun yr-1, respectively. The size of z ~ 3-6 SMGs ranges from 0".10 to 0".38 with a median of 0".20+0".03-0".05 (FWHM), corresponding to a median circularized effective radius (Rc,e) of 0.67+0.13-0.14 kpc, comparable to the typical size of the stellar component measured in compact quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2 (cQGs) --- R ~ …
We present deep SCUBA-2 450 micron and 850 micron imaging of ten strong lensing clusters. We provide a >4-sigma SCUBA-2 850 micron catalog of the 404 sources lying within a radius of 4.5' from the cluster centers. We also provide catalogs of the >4.5-sigma ALMA 870 micron detections in the clusters A370, MACSJ1149.5+2223, and MACSJ0717.5+3745 from our targeted ALMA observations, along with catalogs of all other >4.5-sigma ALMA (mostly 1.2 mm) detections in any of our cluster fields from archival ALMA observations. For the ALMA detections, we give spectroscopic or photometric redshifts, where a…
We report the first results of AS2UDS: an 870 $μ$m continuum survey with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) of a total area of $\sim$ 50 arcmin$^2$ comprising a complete sample of 716 submillimeter sources drawn from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (S2CLS) map of the UKIDSS/UDS field. The S2CLS parent sample covers a 0.96 degree$^2$ field at $σ_{850}=0.90\pm0.05$ mJy beam$^{-1}$. Our deep, high-resolution ALMA observations with $σ_{\rm 870}\sim$ 0.25 mJy and a 0.15"--0.30" FWHM synthesized beam, provide precise locations for 695 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) responsibl…
We describe the application of the supervised machine-learning algorithms to identify the likely multi-wavelength counterparts to submillimeter sources detected in panoramic, single-dish submillimeter surveys. As a training set, we employ a sample of 695 ($S_{\rm 870μm}$ >1 mJy) submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with precise identifications from the ALMA follow-up of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey's UKIDSS-UDS field (AS2UDS). We show that radio emission, near-/mid-infrared colors, photometric redshift, and absolute $H$-band magnitude are effective predictors that can distinguish SMGs from sub…
We present a catalog of 26 faint submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the XMM-LSS field identified by cross-matching serendipitously detected sources in archival ALMA Band 6 and 7 data with multi-band near-infrared (NIR) and optical data from the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey, the VISTA Deep Extragalactic Survey, the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Large Survey, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Of the 26 SMGs in our sample, 15 are identified here for the first time. The majority of the sources in our sample (16/26) have faint submm fluxes ($0.1\,{\rm m…
Previous studies measuring the clustering of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) have based their measurements on single-dish detected sources, finding evidence for strong clustering. However, ALMA has revealed that, due to the coarse angular resolution of these instruments, single-dish sources can be comprised of multiple sources. This implies that the clustering inferred from single-dish surveys may be overestimated. Here, we measure the clustering of SMGs based on the ALESS survey, an ALMA follow-up of sources previously identified in the LABOCA ECDFS Submillimeter Survey (LESS). We present a met…
We present the results of HCN/HCO+/HNC J=4-3 transition line observations of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 1614, obtained with ALMA Cycle 0. We find that high density molecular gas, traced with these lines, shows a velocity structure such that the northern (southern) side of the nucleus is redshifted (blueshifted) with respect to the nuclear velocity of this galaxy. The redshifted and blueshifted emission peaks are offset by ~0.6" at the northern and southern sides of the nucleus, respectively. At these offset positions, observations at infrared >3 micron indicate the presence of active dust…
We present 321 GHz observations of five AGN from ALMA Cycle 0 archival data: NGC 5793, NGC 1068, NGC 1386, NGC 4945, and the Circinus galaxy. Submillimeter maser emission is detected for the first time towards NGC 4945, and we present a new analysis of the submillimeter maser system in Circinus. None of the other three galaxies show maser emission, though we have detected and imaged the continuum from every galaxy. Both NGC 4945 and Circinus are known to host strong ($\gtrsim 10$ Jy) 22 GHz megamaser emission, and VLBI observations have shown that the masers reside in the innermost $\sim 1$ pa…
We present observational results of the submillimeter H2O and SiO lines toward a candidate high-mass young stellar object Orion Source I using ALMA. The spatial structures of the high excitation lines at lower-state energies of >2500 K show compact structures consistent with the circumstellar disk and/or base of the northeast-southwest bipolar outflow with a 100 au scale. The highest excitation transition, the SiO (v=4) line at band 8, has the most compact structure. In contrast, lower-excitation transitions are more extended than 200 au tracing the outflow. Almost all the line show velocity g…
We present an unprecedented measurement of the disc stability and local instability scales in the luminous infrared Seyfert 1 host, NGC7469, based on ALMA observations of dense gas tracers and with a synthesized beam of 165 x 132 pc. While we confirm that non-circular motions are not significant in redistributing the dense interstellar gas in this galaxy, we find compelling evidence that the dense gas is a suitable tracer for studying the origin of its intensely high-mass star forming ring-like structure. Our derived disc stability parameter accounts for a thick disc structure and its value fa…
We analyse HST WFC3/$H_{160}$-band observations of a sample of 48 ALMA-detected submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South field, to study their stellar morphologies and sizes. We detect 79$\pm$17% of the SMGs in the $H_{160}$-band imaging with a median sensitivity of 27.8 mag, and most (80%) of the non-detections are SMGs with 870$μ$m fluxes of $S_{870} < $3 mJy. With a surface brightness limit of $μ_H \sim $26 mag arcsec$^{-2}$, we find that 82$\pm$9% of the $H_{160}$-band detected SMGs at $z =$ 1-3 appear to have disturbed morphologies, meaning they are visually …
We analyze the >4-sigma sources in the most sensitive 100 arcmin^2 area (rms <0.56 mJy) of a SCUBA-2 850 micron survey of the GOODS-S and present the 75 band 7 ALMA sources (>4.5-sigma) obtained from high-resolution interferometric follow-up observations. The SCUBA-2---and hence ALMA---samples should be complete to 2.25 mJy. Of the 53 SCUBA-2 sources in this complete sample, only five have no ALMA detections, while 13% (68% confidence range 7-19%) have multiple ALMA counterparts. Color-based high-redshift dusty galaxy selection techniques find at most 55% of the total ALMA sample. In addition …
We present sensitive observations carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the dusty debris disk HD 95086. These observations were made in bands 6 (223 GHz) and 7 (338 GHz) with an angular resolution of about 1$''$ which allowed us to resolve well the debris disk with a deconvolved size of 7.0$''$ $\times$ 6.0$''$ and with an inner depression of about 2$''$. We do not detect emission from the star itself and the possible inner dusty belt. We also do not detect CO (J=2-1) and (J=3-2) emission, excluding the possibility of an evolved gaseous primordial disk as …
The CDF-S is the deepest X-ray image available and will remain so for the near future. We provide a spectroscopic (64.5%; 64% with spectral classifications) and photometric redshift catalog for the full 7 Ms sample, but much of our analysis focuses on the central (off-axis angles <5.7') region, which contains a large, faint ALMA sample of 75 >4.5-sigma 850 micron sources. We measure the 850 micron fluxes at the X-ray positions using the ALMA images, where available, or an ultradeep SCUBA-2 map. We find that the full X-ray sample produces ~10% of the 850 micron extragalactic background light. W…
Recent ALMA observations have resolved the obscuring torus in the nearest Sy2 galaxy, NGC1068, in the millimeter band. These observations have confirmed the presence of a geometrically thick torus with an orbital motion of its matter and the velocity distribution which can reflect the clumpy structure. In the framework of N-body simulations we consider a dynamical model of an obscuring torus which accounts for the gravitational interaction between the clouds moving in the field of the central mass. In considered model, clouds are orbiting around the central mass exhibiting a spread in inclinat…
Over the course of two flights, the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) made resolved maps of seven nearby (<25 Mpc) galaxies at 250, 350, and 500 microns. During its June 2005 flight from Sweden, BLAST observed a single nearby galaxy, NGC 4565. During the December 2006 flight from Antarctica, BLAST observed the nearby galaxies NGC 1097, NGC 1291, NGC 1365, NGC 1512, NGC 1566, and NGC 1808. We fit physical dust models to a combination of BLAST observations and other available data for the galaxies observed by Spitzer. We fit a modified blackbody to the remaining galaxi…
We carried out targeted ALMA observations of 129 fields in the COSMOS region at 1.25 mm, detecting 152 galaxies at S/N$\geq$5 with an average continuum RMS of 150 $μ$Jy. These fields represent a S/N-limited sample of AzTEC / ASTE sources with 1.1 mm S/N$\geq$4 over an area of 0.72 square degrees. Given ALMA's fine resolution and the exceptional spectroscopic and multiwavelength photometric data available in COSMOS, this survey allows us unprecedented power in identifying submillimeter galaxy counterparts and determining their redshifts through spectroscopic or photometric means. In addition to…
Formation processes of high-mass stars have been long-standing issues in astronomy and astrophysics. This is mainly because of major difficulties in observational studies such as a smaller number of high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs), larger distances, and more complex structures in young high-mass clusters compared with nearby low-mass isolated star-forming regions (SFRs), and extremely large opacity of interstellar dust except for centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths. High resolution and high sensitivity observations with Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) at millimet…
We present spatially-resolved properties of molecular gas and dust in a gravitationally-lensed submillimeter galaxy H-ATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP.81) at $z=3.042$ revealed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We identified 14 molecular clumps in the CO(5-4) line data, all with a spatial scale of $\sim$50-300 pc in the source plane. The surface density of molecular gas ($Σ_{\rm H_2}$) and star-formation rate ($Σ_{\rm SFR}$) of the clumps are more than three orders of magnitude higher than those found in local spiral galaxies. The clumps are placed in the `burst' sequence …
We present new ALMA CO(2--1) observations of two well studied group-centered elliptical galaxies: NGC~4636 and NGC~5846. In addition, we include a revised analysis of Cycle 0 ALMA observations of the central galaxy in the NGC~5044 group that has been previously published. We find evidence that molecular gas, in the form of off-center orbiting clouds, is a common presence in bright group-centered galaxies (BGG). CO line widths are $\gtrsim 10$ times broader than Galactic molecular clouds, and using the reference Milky Way $X_{CO}$, the total molecular mass ranges from as low as $2.6\times 10^5 …
We present a CO(2-1) mosaic map of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946 by combining data from the Submillimeter Array and the IRAM 30 m telescope. We identify 390 giant molecular clouds (GMCs) from the nucleus to 4.5 kpc in the disk. GMCs in the inner 1 kpc are generally more luminous and turbulent, some of which have luminosities >10^6 K km/s pc^2 and velocity dispersions >10 km/s. Large-scale bar-driven dynamics likely regulate GMC properties in the nuclear region. Similar to the Milky Way and other disk galaxies, GMC mass function of NGC 6946 has a shallower slope (index>-2) in the inner region, and…
In this paper we present our imaging observations on the CO(7-6) line and its underlying continuum emission of the young submillimeter galaxy LESS 073 at redshift 4.755, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). At the achieved resolution of $\sim$$1^{\prime\prime}.2\times0^{\prime\prime}.9$ ($8\times6$~kpc$^2$), the CO(7-6) emission is largely unresolved (with a deconvolved size of $1^{\prime\prime}.1(\pm0^{\prime\prime}.5) \times 0^{\prime\prime}.9(\pm0^{\prime\prime}.8)$), and the continuum emission is totally unresolved. The CO(7-6) line emission has an integrated flux…
In the earliest (so-called "Class 0") phase of sunlike (low-mass) star formation, circumstellar disks are expected to form, feeding the protostars. However, such disks are difficult to resolve spatially because of their small sizes. Moreover, there are theoretical difficulties in producing such disks in the earliest phase, due to the retarding effects of magnetic fields on the rotating, collapsing material (so-called "magnetic braking"). With the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), it becomes possible to uncover such disks and study them in detail. HH 212 is a very young proto…
Deep surveys with Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) have uncovered a population of dusty star-forming galaxies which are faint or even undetected at optical to near-infrared wavelengths. Their faintness at short wavelengths makes detailed characterization of the population challenging. Here we present a spectroscopic redshift identification and characterization of one of such near-infrared-dark galaxy discovered by an ALMA deep survey. Detection of [CI](1-0) and CO(4-3) emission lines determines the precise redshift of the galaxy, ADF22.A2, to be z=3.9913+/-0.0008. On the basis of multi-wa…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 5 and Cycle 6 observations of CO(2$-$1) and CO(3$-$2) emission at 0.2''$-$0.3'' resolution in two radio-bright, brightest group/cluster early-type galaxies, NGC 315 and NGC 4261. The data resolve CO emission that extends within their black hole (BH) spheres of influence ($r_\mathrm{g}$), tracing regular Keplerian rotation down to just tens of parsecs from the BHs. The projected molecular gas speeds in the highly inclined ($i>60^\circ$) disks rises at least 500 km s$^{-1}$ near their galaxy centers. We fit dynamical models of …
In this paper, we report our high-resolution ($0^{\prime\prime}.20\times0^{\prime\prime}.14$ or $\sim$$70\times49$ pc) observations of the CO(6-5) line emission, which probes warm and dense molecular gas, and the 434 $μ$m dust continuum in the nuclear region of NGC 7130, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The CO line and dust continuum fluxes detected in our ALMA observations are $1230\pm74$ Jy km s$^{-1}$ and $814\pm52$ mJy, respectively, which account for 100% and 51% of their total respective fluxes. We find that the CO(6-5) and dust emissions are generally spatially c…
We present sensitive, high angular resolution ($\sim$ 0.2 arcsec) submillimeter continuum and line observations of IRAS 16293-2422B made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The 0.45 mm continuum observations reveal a single and very compact source associated with IRAS 16293-2422B. This submillimeter source has a deconvolved angular size of about 400 {\it milli-arcseconds} (50 AU), and does not show any inner structure inside of this diameter. The H$^{13}$CN, HC$^{15}$N, and CH$_{3}$OH line emission regions are about twice as large as the continuum emission and reveal …
A giant molecular cloud has been detected surrounding the supernebula in NGC 5253, revealing details of the formation and feedback process in a very massive star cluster. "Cloud D" was recently mapped in CO J=3-2 with the Submillimeter Array. The cloud surrounds a currently forming massive cluster of mass ~10$^6$ $\rm M_\odot$ and luminosity ~10$^9$ $\rm L_\odot$. Cloud D is hot, clearly associated with the cluster, yet kinematically relatively quiescent. The dust mass is ~15,000 $\rm M_\odot$, giving a gas-to-dust ratio of ~50, nearly an order of magnitude lower than expected for this low met…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 2 observations of CO(2-1) emission from the circumnuclear disks in two early-type galaxies, NGC 1380 and NGC 6861. The disk in each galaxy is highly inclined ($i\,{\sim}\,75^{\circ}$), and the projected velocities of the molecular gas near the galaxy centers are ${\sim}300\,\mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$ in NGC 1380 and ${\sim}500\,\mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$ in NGC 6861. We fit thin disk dynamical models to the ALMA data cubes to constrain the masses of the central black holes (BHs). We created host galaxy models using Hubble Space Teles…
We have observed the nucleus of the nearby luminous infrared galaxy NGC 4418 with subarcsec resolution at 860 and 450 micron for the first time to characterize its hidden power source. A ~20 pc (0.1") hot dusty core was found inside a 100 pc scale concentration of molecular gas at the galactic center. The 860 micron continuum core has a deconvolved (peak) brightness temperature of 120-210 K. The CO(3-2) peak brightness temperature there is as high as 90 K at 50 pc resolution. The core has a bolometric luminosity of about 10^{11} Lsun, which accounts for most of the galaxy luminosity. It is Com…
We report the discovery of a 10 comoving Mpc-scale structure traced by massive submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z~4.6. These galaxies are selected from an emission line search of ALMA Band 7 observations targeting 184 luminous submillimeter sources ($S_{850μ{\rm m}}\geq$ 6.2 mJy) across 1.6 degrees$^2$ in the COSMOS field. We identify four [CII] emitting SMGs and two probable [CII] emitting SMG candidates at z=4.60-4.64 with velocity-integrated signal-to-noise ratio of SNR>8. Four of the six emitters are near-infrared blank SMGs. After excluding one SMG whose emission line is falling at the ed…
We present the first sub-arcsecond images of 49 Ceti in the [C I]3P1-3P0 emission and the 614 micron dust continuum emission observed with ALMA, as well as that in the CO(J=3-2) emission prepared by using the ALMA archival data. The spatial distribution of the 614 micron dust continuum emission is found to have a broad-ring structure with a radius of about 100 au around the central star. A substantial amount of gas is also associated with 49 Ceti. The [C I] emission map shows two peaks inside the dust ring, and its overall extent is comparable to that of the dust continuum emission and the CO …
We present the detailed characterization of two extremely red submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), ASXDF1100.053.1 and 231.1, with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). These SMGs were selected originally using AzTEC at 1100 micron, and are observed by Herschel to be faint at 100--500 micron. Their (sub)millimeter colors are as red as -- or redder -- than known z>~5 SMGs; indeed, ASXDF1100.053.1 is redder than HFLS 3, which lies at z=6.3. They are also faint and red in the near-/mid-infrared: ~1 microJy at IRAC 4.5 micron and <0.2 microJy in t…
We present multiwavelength identifications for the counterparts of 1088 submillimeter sources detected at 850$μ$m in the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey study of the UKIDSS-UDS field. By utilising an ALMA pilot study on a subset of our bright SCUBA-2 sample as a training set, along with the deep optical-near-infrared data available in this field, we develop a novel technique, Optical-IR Triple Color (OIRTC), using $z-K$, $K-[3.6]$, $[3.6]-[4.5]$ colors to select the candidate submillimeter galaxy (SMG) counterparts. By combining radio identification and the OIRTC technique, we find counterpart…
We present an ALMA 1.3 mm (Band 6) continuum survey of lensed submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z=1.0\sim3.2$ with an angular resolution of $\sim0.2$". These galaxies were uncovered by the Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS), and feature exceptionally bright far-infrared continuum emission ($S_\mathrm{peak} \gtrsim 90$ mJy) owing to their lensing magnification. We detect 29 sources in 20 fields of massive galaxy clusters with ALMA. Using both the Spitzer/IRAC (3.6/4.5 $\mathrm{μm}$) and ALMA data, we have successfully modeled the surface brightness profiles of 26 sources in the rest-frame near- and …
The rotational spectrum of the most stable conformer of ethylene glycol (HO(CH$_2$)$_2$OH) has been recorded between 360-890 GHz using a frequency-modulation sub-millimeter spectrometer. The refinement and extension of the spectroscopic parameters over previous efforts provides predicted catalog frequencies for ethylene glycol with sufficient accuracy for comparison to high-frequency astronomical data. The improvement in the cataloged line positions, and the need for improved accuracy enabled by high-frequency laboratory work, is demonstrated by an analysis of ethylene glycol emission at 890 G…
The inner regions of the envelopes surrounding young protostars are characterised by a complex chemistry, with prebiotic molecules present on the scales where protoplanetary disks eventually may form. This paper introduces a systematic survey, "Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS)" of the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293-2422 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The survey covers the full frequency range from 329 to 363 GHz (0.8 mm) with additional targeted observations at 3.0 and 1.3 mm. More than 10,000 features are detected toward one component in …
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 3 observations of CO(2-1) emission from the circumnuclear disk in the E/S0 galaxy NGC 1332 at 0.044" resolution. The disk exhibits regular rotational kinematics and central high-velocity emission (+/-500 km/s) consistent with the presence of a compact central mass. We construct models for a thin, dynamically cold disk in the gravitational potential of the host galaxy and black hole, and fit the beam-smeared model line profiles directly to the ALMA data cube. Model fits successfully reproduce the disk kinematics out to r=200 p…
In this {\it Letter}, we present sensitive millimeter SiO (J=5-4; $ν$=0) line observations of the outflow arising from the enigmatic object Orion Source I made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The observations reveal that at scales of a few thousand AU, the outflow has a marked "butterfly" morphology along a northeast-southwest axis. However, contrary to what is found in the SiO and H$_2$O maser observations at scales of tens of AU, the blueshifted radial velocities of the moving gas are found to the northwest, while the redshifted velocities are in the southeast. …
We present initial results of very high resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the $z$=3.042 gravitationally lensed galaxy HATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP.81). These observations were carried out using a very extended configuration as part of Science Verification for the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign, with baselines of up to 15 km. We present continuum imaging at 151, 236 and 290 GHz, at unprecedented angular resolutions as fine as 23 milliarcseconds (mas), corresponding to an un-magnified spatial scale of ~180 pc at z=3.042. The ALMA images clearly show…
We present an estimate of the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the nearby type-1 Seyfert galaxy \object{NGC 1097} using Atacamma Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of dense gas kinematics. Dense molecular gas dynamics are traced with ${\rm HCN} (J=1-0)$ and ${\rm HCO^{+}} (J=1-0)$ emission lines. Assuming a host galaxy inclination of $46^{\circ}$, we derive a SMBH mass, $M_{\rm BH}=1.40^{+0.27}_{-0.32} \times 10^{8}M_{\odot}$, and an I-band mass to light ratio to be $5.14^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$, using ${\rm HCN} (J=1-0)$. The estimated parameters are consistent bet…
Dust-enshrouded, starbursting, submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z \geq 3$ have been proposed as progenitors of $z \geq 2$ compact quiescent galaxies (cQGs). To test this connection, we present a detailed spatially resolved study of the stars, dust and stellar mass in a sample of six submillimeter-bright starburst galaxies at $z \sim 4.5$. The stellar UV emission probed by HST is extended, irregular and shows evidence of multiple components. Informed by HST, we deblend Spitzer/IRAC data at rest-frame optical finding that the systems are undergoing minor mergers, with a typical stellar mass rat…
We present $\sim0.10^{\prime\prime}-$resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2$-$1) imaging of the arcsecond-scale ($r \approx 150$ pc) dusty molecular disk in the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 3258. The data provide unprecedented resolution of cold gas disk kinematics within the dynamical sphere of influence of a supermassive black hole, revealing a quasi-Keplerian central increase in projected rotation speed rising from 280 km s$^{-1}$ at the disk's outer edge to $>400$ km s$^{-1}$ near the disk center. We construct dynamical models for the rotating disk and fit beam-…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of $\mathrm{^{13}CO(J=1-0)}$ line and 104 GHz continuum emission from NGC 604, a giant HII region (GHR) in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Our high spatial resolution images ( 3.2"$\times$ 2.4", corresponding to $13 \times 10$ pc physical scale) allow us to detect fifteen molecular clouds. We find spatial offsets between the $^{13}CO$ and 104 GHz continuum emission and also detect continuum emission near the centre of the GHR. The identified molecular clouds have sizes ranging from 5-21 pc, linewidths of 0.3-3.0 $\mathrm…
(Abridged) We present a cloud decomposition of $^{12}$CO (2--1) observations of the merger and nearest luminous infrared galaxy, NGC 3256. 185 spatially and spectrally resolved clouds are identified across the central $\approx$ 130 kpc$^{2}$ at 90 pc resolution and completeness is estimated. We compare our cloud catalogue from NGC 3256 to ten galaxies observed in the PHANGS-ALMA survey. Distributions in NGC 3256 of cloud velocity dispersions, luminosities, CO-estimated masses, mass surface densities, virial masses, virial parameters, size-linewidth coefficients, and internal turbulent pressure…
We present a multi-wavelength analysis of five submillimeter sources (S_1.1mm = 0.54-2.02 mJy) that were detected during our 1.1-mm-deep continuum survey in the SXDF-UDS-CANDELS field (2 arcmin^2, 1sigma = 0.055 mJy beam^-1) using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The two brightest sources correspond to a known single-dish (AzTEC) selected bright submillimeter galaxy (SMG), whereas the remaining three are faint SMGs newly uncovered by ALMA. If we exclude the two brightest sources, the contribution of the ALMA-detected faint SMGs to the infrared extragalactic background l…
We derive molecular-gas-phase $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C isotope ratios for the central few 100 pc of the three nearby starburst galaxies NGC 253, NGC 1068, and NGC 4945 making use of the $λ$ $\sim$ 3 mm $^{12}$CN and $^{13}$CN $N$ = 1--0 lines in the ALMA Band 3. The $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C isotopic ratios derived from the ratios of these lines range from 30 to 67 with an average of 41.6 $\pm$ 0.2 in NGC 253, from 24 to 62 with an average of 38.3 $\pm$ 0.4 in NGC 1068, and from 6 to 44 with an average of 16.9 $\pm$ 0.3 in NGC 4945. The highest $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C isotopic ratios are determined in some of the …
We present the highest resolution (1") $^{12}$CO(1-0) observations of molecular gas in the dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 625, to date, obtained with ALMA. Molecular gas is distributed in discrete clouds within an area of $0.4$ kpc$^2$ and does not have well-ordered large-scale motions. We measure a total molecular mass in NGC 625 of $5.3\times 10^6 M_\odot$, assuming a Milky Way CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor. We use the CPROPS package to identify molecular clouds and measure their properties. The 19 resolved CO clouds have a median radius of 20 pc, a median line width 2.5 km s$^{-1}$, and a media…
ALMA observations of CO(1-0) emission in the interacting galaxies IC 2163 and NGC 2207 are used to determine the properties of molecular clouds and their association with star-forming regions observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. Half of the CO mass is in 249 clouds each more massive than 4.0x10^5Mo. The mass distribution functions for the CO clouds and star complexes in a galactic-scale shock front in IC 2163 both have a slope on a log-log plot of -0.7, similar to what is observed in Milky Way clouds. The molecular cloud mass function is steeper in NGC 2207. The CO distribution in NGC 220…
JWST Spectroscopic Census of ALMA Faint Submillimeter Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI（日本高级研究院）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙射线研究所）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo（东京大学 Kavli 宇宙物理数学研究所）；David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto（多伦多大学大卫·邓普天文学与天体物理学系）；Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics（邓普天文学与天体物理学研究所）
We report sensitive [\ion{C}{1}]~$^3P_1$--$^3P_0$ and $^{12}$CO~$J$=4--3 observations of the nearby merging galaxy NGC 6052 using the Morita (Atacama Compact) Array of ALMA. We detect $^{12}$CO~$J$=4--3 toward the northern part of NGC 6052, but [\ion{C}{1}]~$^3P_1$--$^3P_0$ is not detected with a [\ion{C}{1}]~$^3P_1$--$^3P_0$ to $^{12}$CO~$J$=4--3 line luminosity ratio of$~\lesssim0.07$. According to models of photodissociation regions, the unusual weakness of [\ion{C}{1}]~$^3P_1$--$^3P_0$ relative to $^{12}$CO~$J$=4--3 can be explained if the interstellar medium has a hydrogen density larger …
