非相对论性味混合粒子的动力学
On the Dynamics of Non-Relativistic Flavor-Mixed Particles
摘要：
从理论和数值两方面研究了非相对论性量子味混合粒子系统的演化。结果表明，混合颗粒的碰撞不仅使它们弹性散射，而且还可以改变它们的质量本征态，从而影响颗粒的风味成分和动能。质量本征态转换和弹性散射是相关的但不同的过程，因此转换$S$ -矩阵元可以任意大，即使当弹性散射$S$ -矩阵元为零。当质量本征态在空间中分离良好时，转换是有效的，但如果它们的波包重叠，则会被抑制;对于平坦时空中的质量简并本征态，抑制是最严重的。质量本征态的转换可以导致一个有趣的过程，称为“量子蒸发”，在这个过程中，最初被限制在引力势阱深处并且只相互散射的混合粒子可以在没有额外能量供应的情况下从引力势阱中逃逸，在$t\to \infty$的势阱中什么也没有留下。讨论了宇宙中微子本底和双组分暗物质模型的意义，并对直接探测暗物质实验作出了预测。
英文摘要：
Evolution of a system of interacting non-relativistic quantum flavor-mixed particles is considered both theoretically and numerically. It was shown that collisions of mixed particles not only scatter them elastically, but can also change their mass eigenstates thus affecting particles' flavor composition and kinetic energy. The mass eigenstate conversions and elastic scattering are related but different processes, hence the conversion $S$-matrix elements can be arbitrarily large even when the elastic scattering $S$-matrix elements vanish. The conversions are efficient when the mass eigenstates are well-separated in space but suppressed if their wave-packets overlap; the suppression is most severe for mass-degenerate eigenstates in flat space-time. The mass eigenstate conversions can lead to an interesting process, called `quantum evaporation,' in which mixed particles, initially confined deep inside a gravitational potential well and scattering only off each other, can escape from it without extra energy supply leaving nothing behind inside the potential at $t\to \infty$. Implications for the cosmic neutrino background and the two-component dark matter model are discussed and a prediction for the direct detection dark matter experiments is made.
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