有限的沟通能力揭示了人类互动的策略
Limited communication capacity unveils strategies for human interaction
摘要：
社会连通性是表征社交网络结构特性的关键过程，进而是导航、影响或信息扩散等过程。由于时间、注意力和认知是缺乏弹性的资源，人类应该有一个预定义的策略来管理他们的社会互动。然而，现有的人类互动数据集的有限的观测长度，以及二元通信的突发性质，阻碍了在社交网络中的领带动态的观察。在这里，我们开发了一种方法来检测领带激活/失活，并将其应用到一个大型的纵向，横截面通信数据集（$\approx$ 19个月，$\approx$ 20万人）。与不断增长的连通性的看法相反，我们观察到，个人表现出有限的沟通能力，这限制了他们可以保持活跃的联系的数量。特别是，我们发现，男性的沟通能力总体上高于女性，而且随着个人寿命的延长（16-70岁），男性和女性的沟通能力都逐渐下降。然后，我们能够从沟通活动中分离出沟通能力，揭示了各种各样的领带激活模式，从稳定到探索。我们发现，在模拟中，具有探索性策略的个体比具有稳定策略的个体在网络中传播信息的时间更长。我们的原则性方法来确定个人的沟通能力，使我们能够量化的策略，人类互动的形状动态演变的社交网络。
英文摘要：
Social connectivity is the key process that characterizes the structural properties of social networks and in turn processes such as navigation, influence or information diffusion. Since time, attention and cognition are inelastic resources, humans should have a predefined strategy to manage their social interactions over time. However, the limited observational length of existing human interaction datasets, together with the bursty nature of dyadic communications have hampered the observation of tie dynamics in social networks. Here we develop a method for the detection of tie activation/deactivation, and apply it to a large longitudinal, cross-sectional communication dataset ($\approx$ 19 months, $\approx$ 20 million people). Contrary to the perception of ever-growing connectivity, we observe that individuals exhibit a finite communication capacity, which limits the number of ties they can maintain active. In particular we find that men have an overall higher communication capacity than women and that this capacity decreases gradually for both sexes over the lifespan of individuals (16-70 years). We are then able to separate communication capacity from communication activity, revealing a diverse range of tie activation patterns, from stable to exploratory. We find that, in simulation, individuals exhibiting exploratory strategies display longer time to receive information spreading in the network those individuals with stable strategies. Our principled method to determine the communication capacity of an individual allows us to quantify how strategies for human interaction shape the dynamical evolution of social networks.
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