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arXiv 1303.6779cond-mat.soft
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纳米尺度下的弹性毛细作用:软固体中弹性与表面能之间的耦合

Elasto-capillarity at the nanoscale: on the coupling between elasticity and surface energy in soft solids

Joost H. Weijs, Bruno Andreotti, Jacco H. Snoeijer

摘要:

利用分子动力学模拟直接测量了液滴和气泡对软固体的毛细作用力。接触线附近的液体作用在固体上的力并不像通常假设的那样沿着液-汽界面取向,也不垂直于固体表面,而是指向液体。它表明,由这个力引起的弹性形变只能解释,如果相反的不可压缩的液体,表面应力是不同的表面能。利用热力学变分方法,我们证明了通过测量细长体在液体中的变形,可以精确地确定表面应力和表面能。从分子动力学获得的结果完全证实了最近通过实验获得的结果[Marchand等人,Phys. Rev. Lett. 108,094301(2012)]。

英文摘要:

The capillary forces exerted by liquid drops and bubbles on a soft solid are directly measured using molecular dynamics simulations. The force on the solid by the liquid near the contact line is not oriented along the liquid vapor interface nor perpendicular to the solid surface, as usually assumed, but points towards the liquid. It is shown that the elastic deformations induced by this force can only be explained if, contrary to an incompressible liquid, the surface stress is different from the surface energy. Using thermodynamic variations we show that the the surface stress and the surface energy can both be determined accurately by measuring the deformation of a slender body plunged in a liquid. The results obtained from molecular dynamics fully confirm those recently obtained experimentally [Marchand et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 094301 (2012)] for an elastomeric wire.

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