具有量子限制噪声基底的光谱分析仪
Optical spectrum analyzer with quantum limited noise floor
摘要：
原子和激光之间的相互作用提供了前所未有的控制量子态的可能性。要实现这一潜力，需要详细了解具有最先进稳定性的光学振荡器中的频率噪声。我们证明了一种技术，精确测量的噪声光谱的超稳定激光器使用光晶格捕获的$^{87}$ Sr原子作为量子投影噪声限制的参考。我们确定的激光噪声光谱从近直流到100赫兹通过测量原子激发的波动，由一个简单而强大的理论模型指导。噪声谱在429 THz的中心频率处产生26（4）mHz的线宽，对应于$1.6\times10^{16}$的光学品质因数。这种方法通过提供单个激光器特有的信息来改进两个类似激光器系统之间的光学外差拍频，并补充了传统上使用的在相对长的时间尺度上评估激光器性能的Allan偏差。我们使用这种技术来验证我们的超稳激光器的谐振噪声的减少，通过从光外差拍反馈。最后，我们表明，我们的激光器的光谱知识，使我们能够准确地预测光学原子钟的激光限制的稳定性。
英文摘要：
Interactions between atoms and lasers provide the potential for unprecedented control of quantum states. Fulfilling this potential requires detailed knowledge of frequency noise in optical oscillators with state-of-the-art stability. We demonstrate a technique that precisely measures the noise spectrum of an ultrastable laser using optical lattice-trapped $^{87}$Sr atoms as a quantum projection noise-limited reference. We determine the laser noise spectrum from near DC to 100 Hz via the measured fluctuations in atomic excitation, guided by a simple and robust theory model. The noise spectrum yields a 26(4) mHz linewidth at a central frequency of 429 THz, corresponding to an optical quality factor of $1.6\times10^{16}$. This approach improves upon optical heterodyne beats between two similar laser systems by providing information unique to a single laser, and complements the traditionally used Allan deviation which evaluates laser performance at relatively long time scales. We use this technique to verify the reduction of resonant noise in our ultrastable laser via feedback from an optical heterodyne beat. Finally, we show that knowledge of our laser's spectrum allows us to accurately predict the laser-limited stability for optical atomic clocks.
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