vSkyConf：云辅助多方移动视频会议
vSkyConf: Cloud-assisted Multi-party Mobile Video Conferencing
摘要：
作为当今繁忙世界中的一个重要应用，移动视频会议有助于通过移动设备与朋友，家人和同事进行虚拟面对面的沟通。然而，如何通过移动设备提供高质量的多方视频会议体验仍然是一个悬而未决的挑战。背后的根本原因是移动设备上缺乏计算和通信能力，无法扩展到大型会议会话。在本文中，我们提出了vSkyConf，一个云辅助的移动视频会议系统，从根本上提高多方移动视频会议的质量和规模。通过新颖地在云中为每个移动用户使用代理虚拟机，我们允许会议参与者之间通过他们的代理而不是直接进行完全可扩展的通信。代理在彼此之间交换会议流，将流转码为最合适的比特率，并缓冲流以最有效地传递到移动接收者。一个完全分散的，最佳的算法被设计来决定流的最佳路径和最合适的代理人沿路径的视频转码，使有限的带宽被充分利用，以提供最高质量的流的移动接收者。我们还仔细定制了每个代理的缓冲机制，以配合最佳的流分布。我们已经实现了基于Amazon EC2的vSkyConf，并与广泛采用的单播解决方案相比，验证了我们设计的卓越性能。
英文摘要：
As an important application in the busy world today, mobile video conferencing facilitates virtual face-to-face communication with friends, families and colleagues, via their mobile devices on the move. However, how to provision high-quality, multi-party video conferencing experiences over mobile devices is still an open challenge. The fundamental reason behind is the lack of computation and communication capacities on the mobile devices, to scale to large conferencing sessions. In this paper, we present vSkyConf, a cloud-assisted mobile video conferencing system to fundamentally improve the quality and scale of multi-party mobile video conferencing. By novelly employing a surrogate virtual machine in the cloud for each mobile user, we allow fully scalable communication among the conference participants via their surrogates, rather than directly. The surrogates exchange conferencing streams among each other, transcode the streams to the most appropriate bit rates, and buffer the streams for the most efficient delivery to the mobile recipients. A fully decentralized, optimal algorithm is designed to decide the best paths of streams and the most suitable surrogates for video transcoding along the paths, such that the limited bandwidth is fully utilized to deliver streams of the highest possible quality to the mobile recipients. We also carefully tailor a buffering mechanism on each surrogate to cooperate with optimal stream distribution. We have implemented vSkyConf based on Amazon EC2 and verified the excellent performance of our design, as compared to the widely adopted unicast solutions.
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