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arXiv 1303.5341astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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局部测量对宇宙学的重要性

The importance of local measurements for cosmology

Licia Verde, Raul Jimenez, Stephen Feeney

摘要:

我们探讨如何本地,独立于宇宙学的测量的哈勃常数和宇宙的年龄有助于提供一个强大的一致性检查目前青睐的宇宙学模型(平坦的Lambda CDM)和模型独立的约束宇宙学。我们使用宇宙微波背景(CMB)的数据来定义模型相关的宇宙学参数,并添加本地测量,以评估一致性,并确定是否扩展到模型是合理的。在目前的精度下,本地测量的哈勃常数和宇宙年龄(误差分别为3%和5%)与从CMB导出的相应参数之间没有明显的张力。然而,如果局部测量的误差可以减少到原来的两倍,那么人们就可以决定性地得出是否存在张力的结论。我们还比较了本地和CMB的数据,假设简单的扩展的平坦,$Λ$ CDM模型(包括曲率,暗能量与一个常数状态方程参数不等于-1,非零中微子质量和非标准数量的中微子家族),并发现不需要这些额外的参数,特别是,我们限制的中微子种类的有效数量为Neff < 4在95%的置信度。我们发现,本地测量提供的曲率和状态方程的暗能量几乎正交的CMB的约束。我们认为,宇宙学无关的测量本地量的百分比水平将是非常有用的探索宇宙学的模型无关的方式。

英文摘要:

We explore how local, cosmology-independent measurements of the Hubble constant and the age of the Universe help to provide a powerful consistency check of the currently favored cosmological model (flat LambdaCDM) and model-independent constraints on cosmology. We use cosmic microwave background (CMB) data to define the model-dependent cosmological parameters, and add local measurements to assess consistency and determine whether extensions to the model are justified. At current precision, there is no significant tension between the locally measured Hubble constant and age of the Universe (with errors of 3% and 5% respectively) and the corresponding parameters derived from the CMB. However, if errors on the local measurements could be decreased by a factor of two, one could decisively conclude if there is tension or not. We also compare the local and CMB data assuming simple extensions of the flat, $Λ$CDM model (including curvature, dark energy with a constant equation of state parameter not equal to -1, non-zero neutrino masses and a non-standard number of neutrino families) and find no need for these extra parameters; in particular, we constrain the effective number of neutrino species to be Neff < 4 at 95% confidence. We show that local measurements provide constraints on the curvature and equation of state of dark energy nearly orthogonal to those of the CMB. We argue that cosmology-independent measurements of local quantities at the percent level would be very useful to explore cosmology in a model-independent way.

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