Matthias Bartelmann, Marceau Limousin, Massimo Meneghetti, Robert Schmidt
备注:
Review paper. Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews (eds: S. Ettori, M. Meneghetti). This is a product of the work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern on "Astrophysics and Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters: the X-ray and lensing view"
The core structure of galaxy clusters is fundamentally important. Even though self-gravitating systems have no stable equilibrium state due to their negative heat capacity, numerical simulations find density profiles which are universal in the sense that they are fairly flat within a scale radius and gradually steepen farther outward, asymptotically approaching a logarithmic slope of $\approx-3$ near the virial radius. We argue that the reason for the formation of this profile is not satisfactorily understood. The ratio between the virial radius and the scale radius, the so-called concentration, is found in simulations to be closely related to the mass and the redshift and low for cluster-sized haloes, but observed to be substantially higher at least in a subset of observed clusters. Haloes formed from cold dark matter should furthermore be richly substructured. We review theoretical and observational aspects of cluster cores here, discuss modifications by baryonic physics and observables that can provide better insight into the internal structure of clusters.
Imaging the Thermal and Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Signals in a Sample of Ten Massive Galaxy Clusters: Constraints on Internal Velocity Structures and Bulk Velocities
The GOGREEN survey: the internal dynamics of clusters of galaxies at redshift 0.9-1.4
我们的目标是确定质量,速度各向异性,和赝相空间密度分布(M(r),β(r),和Q(r),分别)的星系团在最高的红移详细调查到目前为止。我们结合了14个星系团的GOGREEN和GCLASS光谱数据,这些星系团的质量M200 > 10^14 M太阳,红移0.9 < z < 1.4. We stack these 14 clusters into an ensemble cluster of 581 member galaxies with stellar mass >10^9.5 M太阳。我们使用MAMPOSSt方法和Jeans方程的反演技术来确定M(r)和beta(r)。然后,我们结合M(r)和beta(r)分析的结果来确定系综集群的Q(r)。星系团M(r)的浓度c200与LambdaCDM宇宙学数值模拟的预测非常一致,也与以前根据引力透镜和X射线数据对类似质量和类似红移的星系团的测定非常一致。我们看到总质量密度与星系数密度分布或恒星质量分布之间没有显着差异。恒星形成中的星系在空间上比静止的星系要少得多。星系团的轨道在中心附近是各向同性的,而在中心外则是径向的。形成恒星的星系和低恒星质量的星系比静止星系和高恒星质量的星系更倾向于在径向拉长的轨道上运动。Q(r),无论是使用总质量或数密度分布,是非常接近的幂律行为预测的数值模拟。到目前为止,详细探测的最高红移星系团的内部动力…
Observational Evidence of Velocity Anisotropy Assembly Bias in Galaxy Clusters
CONICET. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental (IATE)(阿根廷国家科学研究委员会理论与实验天体物理研究所);Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba (OAC)(科尔多瓦国立大学科尔多瓦天文台);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台);IFPU Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe(宇宙基础物理研究所);Centre for Particle Cosmology, University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学粒子宇宙学中心);Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María(智利费德里科·Santa María理工大学物理系)
On the orbital and internal evolution of cluster galaxies
居住在星系团环境中的星系团在其轨道运动中经历了显着的演变,这是伴随着各向异性参数的变化,测量径向和切向运动的相对重要性,为给定的一类物体。随着轨道的变化,星系团中的星系在其热/冷气体含量和恒星形成特性方面都会发生严重的变化。了解星系内部性质的变化与其轨道运动之间的联系对于研究星系演化至关重要,因为它可以揭示其环境依赖性的主要机制。内部性质的变化是否与轨道运动的变化同时发生?或者,是轨道的特点,在时间的下降,是什么决定了命运的成员星系?或者:星系在某一特定时间的性质是与同时代的轨道各向异性有关,还是与坠落时的各向异性有更好的关系?为了回答这些问题,我们研究了Guo et al.(2011)应用于千年模拟的半解析模型中不同星系群的轨道演化。对于每一类物体,其特征在于不同的内部属性(如年龄,恒星形成率和颜色),我们研究了红移为零的各向异性剖面及其演变,通过追溯祖先的时间。我们的结论是,轨道属性强烈影响随后的演变的星系的内部特征和星系人口的整体各向异性往往会随着时间的推移而增加。