超导纳米电路中热滑移和量子相位滑移计数统计的普适特征
Universal features of counting statistics of thermal and quantum phase slips in superconducting nanocircuits
摘要：
我们对不同类型的超导弱连接进行了相位滑移引起的开关电流事件的测量，并系统地研究了开关电流分布的统计特性。我们采用了两种类型的设备，其中的弱链接是由超导纳米线或石墨烯薄片受到邻近效应。我们证明，独立的薄弱环节的性质，更高的时刻的分布采取普遍的价值观。特别是，分布的三阶矩（偏斜度）在热态和量子态都接近-1。四阶矩（峰度）也取接近5的普适值。所发现的普遍性的偏度和峰度证实了分析模型。我们的数值分析表明，引入外来噪声到系统中导致显着偏离的普遍价值。我们建议使用发现的普遍性较高的时刻作为一个强大的工具，检查对噪声的不良影响，在各种类型的测量。
英文摘要：
We perform measurements of phase-slip-induced switching current events on different types of superconducting weak links and systematically study statistical properties of the switching current distributions. We employ two types of devices in which a weak link is formed either by a superconducting nanowire or by a graphene flake subject to proximity effect. We demonstrate that, independently on the nature of the weak link, higher moments of the distribution take universal values. In particular, the third moment (skewness) of the distribution is close to -1 both in thermal and quantum regimes. The fourth moment (kurtosis) also takes a universal value close to 5. The discovered universality of skewness and kurtosis is confirmed by an analytical model. Our numerical analysis shows that introduction of extraneous noise into the system leads to significant deviations from the universal values. We suggest to use the discovered universality of higher moments as a robust tool for checking against undesirable effects on noise in various types of measurements.
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