强加热石墨中电子-离子耦合抑制的观测
Observation of inhibited electron-ion coupling in strongly heated graphite
摘要：
通过时间分辨的能量弛豫测量，创建具有高度不相等的电子和晶格温度的物质的非平衡态允许对电子和离子之间的动态耦合的无与伦比的洞察。最近对低温激光加热石墨的研究表明，与其他材料相比，它具有复杂的能量交换。为了避免与表面制备，晶体质量和对能量沉积和传输机制的理解不足有关的问题，我们应用不同的能量沉积机制，通过激光加速质子，等容和非辐射加热宏观石墨样品到接近熔化阈值的温度。使用时间分辨的X射线衍射，我们显示了一个非常小的电子-离子能量转移的明确证据，产生约三倍长的弛豫时间比以前报道的。这表明在非平衡态的热稠密物质中存在能量传递的瓶颈。
英文摘要：
Creating non-equilibrium states of matter with highly unequal electron and lattice temperatures allows unsurpassed insight into the dynamic coupling between electrons and ions through time-resolved energy relaxation measurements. Recent studies on low-temperature laser-heated graphite suggest a complex energy exchange when compared to other materials. To avoid problems related to surface preparation, crystal quality and poor understanding of the energy deposition and transport mechanisms, we apply a different energy deposition mechanism, via laser-accelerated protons, to isochorically and non-radiatively heat macroscopic graphite samples up to temperatures close to the melting threshold. Using time-resolved x ray diffraction, we show clear evidence of a very small electron-ion energy transfer, yielding approximately three times longer relaxation times than previously reported. This is indicative of the existence of an energy transfer bottleneck in non-equilibrium warm dense matter.
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