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arXiv 1302.7284astro-ph.SR
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致密球状星团中的恒星碰撞和蓝离散星

Stellar Collisions and Blue Straggler Stars in Dense Globular Clusters

Sourav Chatterjee, Frederic A. Rasio, Alison Sills, Evert Glebbeek

摘要:

在所有有数据的银河系球状星团(GGC)中,都有大量的蓝离散星(BSS)被观测到。然而,单靠观测并不能揭示各种形成通道的相对重要性,也不能揭示这个被充分研究的异常恒星群体的典型形成时间。使用最先进的Hénon-type Monte Carlo代码,包括所有相关的物理过程,我们创建了128个模型,具有观察到的GGC的典型属性。这些模型包含了真实数量的单星和双星,使用观测激发的初始条件,并在中心密度、浓度、双星比例和质量方面跨越了很大的范围。它们的性质可以直接与观察到的GGC进行比较。我们可以很容易地识别我们的模型中的BSS,并确定其形成渠道和出生时间。我们发现,对于中心密度大于~10^3 Msun/pc^3的星系团,主要的形成通道是恒星碰撞,而对于较低密度的星系团,双星中的质量传递提供了显著的贡献(在我们的模型中高达~ 60%)。这些碰撞中的大多数是二进制介导的,发生在三体和四体相互作用期间。因此,在我们的模型中可以看到BSS的特定频率和集群中的二进制分数之间的强相关性。我们发现,在核心中的BSS的数量只显示出弱相关性的碰撞率估计传统上使用的观察者,与最新的哈勃太空望远镜(ACS)的数据。使用一个理想化的“充分混合”的处方碰撞产品,我们的模型表明,今天观察到的BSS可能已经形成了几个陀螺仪前。然而,更密集的集群往往具有更年轻(~1 Gyr)的BSS。

英文摘要:

Blue straggler stars (BSS) are abundantly observed in all Galactic globular clusters (GGC) where data exist. However, observations alone cannot reveal the relative importance of various formation channels or the typical formation times for this well studied population of anomalous stars. Using a state-of-the-art Hénon-type Monte Carlo code that includes all relevant physical processes, we create 128 models with properties typical of the observed GGCs. These models include realistic numbers of single and binary stars, use observationally motivated initial conditions, and span large ranges in central density, concentration, binary fraction, and mass. Their properties can be directly compared with those of observed GGCs. We can easily identify the BSSs in our models and determine their formation channels and birth times. We find that for central densities above ~10^3 Msun/pc^3 the dominant formation channel is stellar collisions while for lower density clusters, mass transfer in binaries provides a significant contribution (up to ~ 60% in our models). The majority of these collisions are binary-mediated, occurring during 3-body and 4-body interactions. As a result a strong correlation between the specific frequency of BSSs and the binary fraction in a cluster can be seen in our models. We find that the number of BSSs in the core shows only a weak correlation with the collision rate estimator Γtraditionally used by observers, in agreement with the latest Hubble Space Telescope (ACS) data. Using an idealized "full mixing" prescription for collision products, our models indicate that the BSSs observed today may have formed several Gyrs ago. However, denser clusters tend to have younger (~1 Gyr) BSSs.

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