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arXiv 1302.6530astro-ph.SR
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来自中子星合并的动力学质量喷射、核合成和放射性供能电磁信号的系统学

Systematics of dynamical mass ejection, nucleosynthesis, and radioactively powered electromagnetic signals from neutron-star mergers

A. Bauswein, S. Goriely, H. -T. Janka

摘要:

本文采用相对论流体动力学模拟方法,系统地研究了核物质状态方程不确定性对中子星(NS)并合动力学质量抛射、r-过程核合成和电磁对应物性质的影响。决定喷出物质量的关键参数是1.35 M_sun NS的半径R_1.35。具有较小R_1.35(“软”EoS)的NS系统地喷射较高的质量。对于1.35-1.35 M_sun的双星,其范围从~10^-3 M_sun到~10^-2 M_sun,对于1.2-1.5 M_sun的系统,其范围从~5*10^-3 M_sun到~2*10^-2 M_sun(动能在~5*10^49 erg和10^51 erg之间)。相应地,对称(非对称)合并的光学瞬变的辐射热峰值亮度在3*10^41 erg/s和14*10^41 erg/s(9*10^41 erg/s和14.5*10^41 erg/s)之间变化,时间尺度在~2 h和~12 h之间。如果测量到这些绝对辐射热量值从-15.0到-16.7的信号,则它们的性质与合并NS的性质的紧密相关性可能对高密度EoS提供有价值的约束。r-过程核合成表现出显著的鲁棒性,独立于EoS,产生接近太阳的丰度模式高于质量数130。根据银河系的r过程含量和每个事件的平均产生量,如果NS合并是重r核的主要来源,那么对于软(硬)NS EoS,银河系合并速率被限制在4*10^-5/yr(4*10^-4/yr)。放射性~(232)Th与~(238)U的产生比稳定在1.64-1.67之间,这并不排除NS并合是大多数贫金属星中重r物质的潜在来源。

英文摘要:

We investigate systematically the dynamical mass ejection, r-process nucleosynthesis, and properties of electromagnetic counterparts of neutron-star (NS) mergers in dependence on the uncertain properties of the nuclear equation of state (EoS) by employing 40 representative, microphysical high-density EoSs in relativistic, hydrodynamical simulations. The crucial parameter determining the ejecta mass is the radius R_1.35 of a 1.35 M_sun NS. NSs with smaller R_1.35 ("soft" EoS) eject systematically higher masses. These range from ~10^-3 M_sun to ~10^-2 M_sun for 1.35-1.35 M_sun binaries and from ~5*10^-3 M_sun to ~2*10^-2 M_sun for 1.2-1.5 M_sun systems (with kinetic energies between ~5*10^49 erg and 10^51 erg). Correspondingly, the bolometric peak luminosities of the optical transients of symmetric (asymmetric) mergers vary between 3*10^41 erg/s and 14*10^41 erg/s (9*10^41 erg/s and 14.5*10^41 erg/s) on timescales between ~2 h and ~12 h. If these signals with absolute bolometric magnitudes from -15.0 to -16.7 are measured, the tight correlation of their properties with those of the merging NSs might provide valuable constraints on the high-density EoS. The r-process nucleosynthesis exhibits a remarkable robustness independent of the EoS, producing a nearly solar abundance pattern above mass number 130. By the r-process content of the Galaxy and the average production per event the Galactic merger rate is limited to 4*10^-5/yr (4*10^-4/yr) for a soft (stiff) NS EoS, if NS mergers are the main source of heavy r-nuclei. The production ratio of radioactive 232Th to 238U attains a stable value of 1.64-1.67, which does not exclude NS mergers as potential sources of heavy r-material in the most metal-poor stars.

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