光学干涉测量中布朗噪声的十倍降低
Tenfold reduction of Brownian noise in optical interferometry
摘要：
热致波动对精确测量施加了基本限制。在光学干涉测量中，稳定性和灵敏度的当前界限由包括腔端镜的高反射率涂层的过量机械阻尼决定。在过去的十年中，这些非晶多层反射器的机械损耗最多减少了两倍。在这里，我们展示了一个新的范例，在光学镀膜技术的基础上直接键合单晶多层膜，表现出固有的低机械损耗和高光学质量。采用这些“晶体涂层”作为法布里-珀罗腔中的端镜，我们获得了150，000的精细度。更重要的是，在室温下，我们观察到一个热限制的噪声地板一致的机械阻尼减少了十倍时，与最好的电介质多层膜。这些结果为下一代超灵敏干涉仪以及新水平的激光稳定性铺平了道路。
英文摘要：
Thermally induced fluctuations impose a fundamental limit on precision measurement. In optical interferometry, the current bounds of stability and sensitivity are dictated by the excess mechanical damping of the high-reflectivity coatings that comprise the cavity end mirrors. Over the preceding decade, the mechanical loss of these amorphous multilayer reflectors has at best been reduced by a factor of two. Here we demonstrate a new paradigm in optical coating technology based on direct-bonded monocrystalline multilayers, which exhibit both intrinsically low mechanical loss and high optical quality. Employing these "crystalline coatings" as end mirrors in a Fabry-Pérot cavity, we obtain a finesse of 150,000. More importantly, at room temperature, we observe a thermally-limited noise floor consistent with a tenfold reduction in mechanical damping when compared with the best dielectric multilayers. These results pave the way for the next generation of ultra-sensitive interferometers, as well as for new levels of laser stability.
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