星系团和场星系AGN在z = 1到1.5的分数：环境和AGN分数之间局部反相关关系的证据
The Cluster and Field Galaxy AGN Fraction at z = 1 to 1.5: Evidence for a Reversal of the Local Anticorrelation Between Environment and AGN Fraction
摘要：
明亮活动星系核所在的星系团比例是活动星系核燃料供应过程、星系中心冷ISM以及黑洞与星系共同演化紧密程度的重要探测器。我们提出了一个新的测量活动星系核分数在一个样本的13个星系团（M >= 10^{14} Msun），以及这些星系团附近的场分数，并将这些数据与文献中的测量结果相结合，定量分析了星系团和场活动星系核从现在到z~3的相对演化。对于静止坐标系硬X射线光度大于L_{X,H} >= 10^{44} erg/s的活动星系核，我们估计在1<z<1.5时，星系团活动星系核的分数为fA = 3.0^{+2.4}-1.4}%.这个分数是相对于所有比M*_{3.6}（z）+1更亮的星系团测量的，其中M*_{3.6}（z）是星系光度函数在IRAC 3.6 μ m带通处星系团红移处的突变的绝对量值。在z~0.25处，星系团活动星系核的分数比具有相似光度的活动星系核的3sigma上限大30倍，并且比z~0.75处的活动星系核分数大一个数量级以上。L_{X,H} >= 10^{43} erg/s的活动星系核表现出类似的明显的红移演化。在局部宇宙中，活动星系核的发光分数在场中比在星系团中高，与此相反，X射线和MIR选择的活动星系核在场中和星系团中的分数在1<z<1.5处是一致的。这表明从z~1.5到现在，星系团活动星系核的演化速度要比场的演化速度快。这种依赖环境的活动星系核演化模拟了星系团中恒星形成星系相对于磁场的更快演化。
英文摘要：
The fraction of cluster galaxies that host luminous AGN is an important probe of AGN fueling processes, the cold ISM at the centers of galaxies, and how tightly black holes and galaxies co-evolve. We present a new measurement of the AGN fraction in a sample of 13 clusters of galaxies (M >= 10^{14} Msun) at 1<z<1.5 selected from the Spitzer/IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey, as well as the field fraction in the immediate vicinity of these clusters, and combine these data with measurements from the literature to quantify the relative evolution of cluster and field AGN from the present to z~3. We estimate that the cluster AGN fraction at 1<z<1.5 is f_A = 3.0^{+2.4}_{-1.4}% for AGN with a rest-frame, hard X-ray luminosity greater than L_{X,H} >= 10^{44} erg/s. This fraction is measured relative to all cluster galaxies more luminous than M*_{3.6}(z)+1, where M*_{3.6}(z) is the absolute magnitude of the break in the galaxy luminosity function at the cluster redshift in the IRAC 3.6um bandpass. The cluster AGN fraction is 30 times greater than the 3sigma upper limit on the value for AGN of similar luminosity at z~0.25, as well as more than an order of magnitude greater than the AGN fraction at z~0.75. AGN with L_{X,H} >= 10^{43} erg/s exhibit similarly pronounced evolution with redshift. In contrast with the local universe, where the luminous AGN fraction is higher in the field than in clusters, the X-ray and MIR-selected AGN fractions in the field and clusters are consistent at 1<z<1.5. This is evidence that the cluster AGN population has evolved more rapidly than the field population from z~1.5 to the present. This environment-dependent AGN evolution mimics the more rapid evolution of star-forming galaxies in clusters relative to the field.
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