更平滑和更快之间的权衡“小撕裂”
Tradeoff between Smoother and Sooner "Little Rip"
摘要：
有暗能量模型可以预测“小裂缝”的发生。在小裂口点，哈勃率及其宇宙时间导数接近无穷大，这与大裂口奇点非常相似，只是前者发生在无限的未来，而后者发生在有限的宇宙时间;这两个事件都发生在未来和高能量。在大裂缝的情况下，紫外线和红外线效应的组合可以平滑其末日。因此，我们想知道是否也可以以类似的方式消除小裂缝。我们通过一个在体中引入高斯-邦纳项，在膜上引入诱导引力项的膜世界模型，讨论了广义相对论中的紫外和红外效应。我们发现，在这种情况下，小裂缝转化为一个突然的奇点，或“大刹车”。尽管大刹车比小裂缝更平滑，因为哈勃速率在事件发生时是有限的，但代价是它发生得更快，在有限的宇宙时间内。在我们的估计中，大刹车将发生在大约1300 Gyr。
英文摘要：
There exists dark energy models that predict the occurrence of "little rip". At the point of little rip the Hubble rate and its cosmic time derivative approach infinity, which is quite similar to the big rip singularity except that the former happens at infinite future while the latter at a finite cosmic time; both events happen in the future and at high energies. In the case of the big rip, a combination of ultra-violet and infra-red effects can smooth its doomsday. We therefore wonder if the little rip can also be smoothed in a similar way. We address the ultra-violet and infra-red effects in general relativity through a brane-world model with a Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk and an induced gravity term on the brane. We find that the little rip is transformed in this case into a sudden singularity, or a "big brake". Even though the big brake is smoother than the little rip in that the Hubble rate is finite at the event, the trade-off is that it takes place sooner, at a finite cosmic time. In our estimate, the big brake would happen at roughly 1300Gyr.
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