生态流网络的异速生长与耗散
Allometry and Dissipation of Ecological Flow Networks
摘要：
生态流网络是一个加权有向图，其中节点是物种，边是“谁吃谁”的关系，权重是物种之间的能量或养分转移速率。异速生长标度是河流流域、血管网和食物网等流动系统的普遍特征。利用“生态网络分析”方法，可以直接在原始的流动网络上揭示隐含的异速生长，而不需要切割边缘。另一方面，耗散律，这是另一个重要的标度关系之间的能量耗散（呼吸）和任何物种的通流也被发现在收集流网络。有趣的是，异速生长定律（$η$）和耗散定律（$γ$）的指数对于经验和模拟的流动网络都有很强的联系。异速生长指数$η$最重要的成分是耗散律指数$γ$，而不是网络的拓扑结构。通过将$η$重新解释为物种对整个网络沿所有能量流动路径的影响（直接和间接影响）的不平等性，而不是能量传输效率，我们发现，随着$γ$的增加，大节点（具有高通流）的相对能量损失增加，$η$减小，整个流动网络的不平等性以及大物种的相对重要性减小。因此，流动结构和热力学约束是联系在一起的。
英文摘要：
An ecological flow network is a weighted directed graph in which nodes are species, edges are "who eats whom" relationships and weights are rates of energy or nutrients transfer between species. Allometric scaling is a ubiquitous feature for flow systems like river basins, vascular networks and food webs. By "ecological network analysis" method, we can reveal the hidden allometry directly on the original flow networks without cutting edges. On the other hand, dissipation law, which is another significant scaling relationship between the energy dissipation (respiration) and the throughflow of any species is also discovered on the collected flow networks. Interestingly, the exponents of allometric law ($η$) and the dissipation law ($γ$) have a strong connection for both empirical and simulated flow networks. The dissipation law exponent $γ$ rather than the topology of the network is the most important ingredient to the allometric exponent $η$. By reinterpreting $η$ as the inequality of species impacts (direct and indirect influences) to the whole network along all energy flow pathways but not the energy transportation efficiency, we found that as $γ$ increases, the relative energy loss of large nodes (with high throughflow) increases, $η$ decreases, and the inequality of the whole flow network as well as the relative importance of large species decreases. Therefore, flow structure and thermodynamic constraint are connected.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
