关于微生物垫和陆地植物进化对地球作为一个行星的影响。古地球的光度学和光谱学光变曲线
On the effects of the evolution of microbial mats and land plants on the Earth as a planet. Photometric and spectroscopic light curves of paleo-Earths
摘要：
了解地球和其他太阳系行星的光谱和光度变化对于未来描述岩石系外行星的特性至关重要。由于这不仅在当今时代而且在行星进化过程中都很有趣，我们研究了微生物垫和植物在陆地上的进化对我们的星球从远处看起来的影响。随着生命的进化，大陆表面逐渐而不均匀地从沙漠到微生物席再到陆地植物，改变了地面的反射特性，很可能也改变了水分和云量的分布。在这里，我们使用地球的辐射转移模型，连同地质古记录的大陆分布和重建的云分布，模拟可见光和近红外辐射反射我们的星球作为地球的旋转的函数。我们发现，从沙漠到微生物席和陆地植物的演变产生了全球平均地球反射率的可检测变化。每种表面类型的变化位于不同的波段，可以在数小时内引起高达40%的反射率变化。我们的结论是，使用不同光度波段的类地行星光度观测，将有可能区分不同的表面类型。虽然最近的文献提出了0.7 μm附近植被的红边特征作为陆地植物的特征，但近红外波段的观测同样或甚至更适合于这一目的。
英文摘要：
Understanding the spectral and photometric variability of the Earth and the rest of the solar system planets has become of the utmost importance for the future characterization of rocky exoplanets. As this is not only interesting at present times but also along the planetary evolution, we studied the effect that the evolution of microbial mats and plants over land has had on the way our planet looks from afar. As life evolved, continental surfaces changed gradually and non- uniformly from deserts through microbial mats to land plants, modifying the reflective properties of the ground and most probably the distribution of moisture and cloudiness. Here, we used a radiative transfer model of the Earth, together with geological paleo-records of the continental distribution and a reconstructed cloud distribution, to simulate the visible and near-IR radiation reflected by our planet as a function of Earth's rotation. We found that the evolution from deserts to microbial mats and to land plants produces detectable changes in the globally-averaged Earth's reflectance. The variability of each surface type is located in different bands and can induce reflectance changes of up to 40% in period of hours. We conclude that using photometric observations of an Earth- like planet at different photometric bands, it would be possible to discriminate between different surface types. While recent literature proposes the red edge feature of vegetation near 0.7 μm as a signature for land plants, observations in near-IR bands can be equally or even better suited for this purpose.
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