约化密度矩阵在驱动和弛豫过程中的特征值统计
Eigenvalue statistics of reduced density matrix during driving and relaxation
摘要：
我们研究了孤立的一维关联金属子系统在稳态电场作用下的运动和运动后的弛豫过程。我们得到数值精确的减少密度矩阵$ρ$的子系统是足够大的显着的本征值统计和频谱的$\log(ρ)$。我们表明，通用以及可积模型的统计如下的普遍性高斯酉和正交系综驱动和平衡系统，分别。此外，适度驱动的子系统的光谱很好地描述了吉布斯热分布与熵的时间依赖的能量只确定。
英文摘要：
We study a subsystem of an isolated one-dimensional correlated metal when it is driven by a steady electric field or when it relaxes after driving. We obtain numerically exact reduced density matrix $ρ$ for subsystems which are sufficiently large to give significant eigenvalue statistics and spectra of $\log(ρ)$. We show that both for generic as well as for the integrable model the statistics follows the universality of Gaussian unitary and orthogonal ensembles for driven and equilibrium systems, respectively. Moreover, the spectra of modestly driven subsystems are well described by the Gibbs thermal distribution with the entropy determined by the time-dependent energy only.
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